Parietal cell

Parietal cell
A parietal cell.
Control of stomach acid
Details
LocationStomach
FunctionGastric acid, intrinsic factor secretion
Identifiers
Latinexocrinocytus parietalis
MeSHD010295
THH3.04.02.1.00033
FMA62901
Anatomical terms of microanatomy

Parietal cells (also known as oxyntic cells) are epithelial cells in the stomach that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor. These cells are located in the gastric glands found in the lining of the fundus and body regions of the stomach.[1] They contain an extensive secretory network of canaliculi from which the HCl is secreted by active transport into the stomach. The enzyme hydrogen potassium ATPase (H+/K+ ATPase) is unique to the parietal cells and transports the H+ against a concentration gradient of about 3 million to 1,[citation needed] which is the steepest[citation needed] ion gradient formed in the human body. Parietal cells are primarily regulated via histamine, acetylcholine and gastrin signalling from both central and local modulators.

  1. ^ Hunt, A; Harrington, D; Robinson, S (4 June 2014). "Vitamin B12 deficiency" (PDF). BMJ. 349: g5226. doi:10.1136/bmj.g5226. PMID 25189324. S2CID 28782021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2018.Free access icon