Parvati

For other uses, see Parvati (disambiguation).
"Parvati Devi" and "Urvi" redirect here. For other uses, see Parvati Devi (disambiguation) and Urvi (film).

Parvati
Mother Goddess[1]
Goddess of Power, Nourishment, Devotion, Motherhood, Fertility, and Harmony[2]
Supreme Goddess in Shaivism
Member of Tridevi and Pancha Prakriti
Parvati with her son Ganesha
Other namesUma, Gauri, Aparna, Durga, Kali, Girija, Haimavati, Ambika, Bhavani
Sanskrit transliterationPārvatī
Devanagariपार्वती
AffiliationDevi, Shakti, Mahadevi, Tridevi, Sati, Durga, Kali, Navadurga, Mahavidyas
AbodeKailasha, Manidvipa
MantraSarvamaṅgalamāṅgalye Śive Sarvārthasādhike । Śaraṇye Tryambake Gauri Nārāyaṇi Namo'stu Te ।।
DayMonday & Friday
MountLion and Tiger
TextsDevi-Bhagavata Purana, Mahabhagavata Purana, Devi Mahatmya, Kalika Purana, Shakta Upanishads, Tantras
FestivalsNavaratri, Vijayadashami, Teej, Bathukamma, Gauri Habba
Genealogy
ParentsHimavan (father)
Maināvati (mother)[7][8]
SiblingsGanga (elder sister)[5]
Mainaka (elder brother)[6]
ConsortShiva
Children
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Parvati (Sanskrit: पार्वती, IAST: Pārvatī), also known as Uma (Sanskrit: उमा, IAST: Umā) and Gauri (Sanskrit: गौरी, IAST: Gaurī), is the Hindu goddess of power, energy, nourishment, harmony, love, beauty, devotion, and motherhood. She is one of the central deities of the goddess-oriented sect called Shaktism, and the supreme goddess in Shaivism. She is a physical representation and benevolent aspect of Mahadevi or Shakti, the primordial power behind the creation of the universe, the creator and destroyer according to Shaktism.[9][10] Along with Lakshmi and Saraswati, she forms the Tridevi.[11]

Parvati is married to Shiva. She is a primordial goddess in Hinduism.[12] Parvati and Shiva have taken many incarnations and divine forms together.[13] Parvati is the mother of the Hindu deities Ganesha and Kartikeya. The Puranas also say that she is the companion of the river goddess Ganga.[6][14] For Hindus, she is considered to be the divine energy between a man and a woman, like the energy of Shiva and Shakti.[15]

Parvati is a powerful, primordial mother goddess,[16] and also has several fearsome forms and killed evil beings in forms such as Gauri, Durga, Kali, the ten Mahavidyas, and the Navadurgas.

Parvati is an embodiment of Shakti. In Shaivism, she is the recreative energy and power of Shiva, and she is the cause of a bond that connects all beings and a means of their spiritual release.[17][18] She is also well known as Kamarupa (the embodiment of one's desires) and Kameshvari (the lordess of one's desires). In Hindu temples, shrines are dedicated to her and Shiva, she is symbolically represented as the argha. She is found extensively in ancient Indian literature, and her statues and iconography are present in Hindu temples all over South Asia and Southeast Asia.[19][20]

  1. ^ James D. Holt (2014). Religious Education in the Secondary School: An Introduction to Teaching, Learning and the World Religions. Routledge. p. 180. ISBN 978-1-317-69874-6.
  2. ^ David Kinsley (19 July 1988). Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition. University of California Press. pp. 49–50. ISBN 978-0-520-90883-3.
  3. ^ Cush, Robinson & York 2008, p. 78.
  4. ^ Williams 1981, p. 62.
  5. ^ Siva: The Erotic Ascetic. Oxford University Press. 28 May 1981. ISBN 978-0-19-972793-3. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
  6. ^ a b Wilkins 2001, p. 295.
  7. ^ C. Mackenzie Brown (1990). The Triumph of the Goddess: The Canonical Models and Theological Visions of the Devi-Bhagavata Purana. SUNY Press. ISBN 9780791403648. Archived from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 20 August 2019.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Maina was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ H.V. Dehejia, Parvati: Goddess of Love, Mapin, ISBN 978-8185822594
  10. ^ James Hendershot, Penance, Trafford, ISBN 978-1490716749, pp 78
  11. ^ Frithjof Schuon (2003), Roots of the Human Condition, ISBN 978-0941532372, pp 32
  12. ^ Edward Balfour, Parvati, p. 153, at Google Books, The Encyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, pp 153
  13. ^ H.V. Dehejia, Parvati: Goddess of Love, Mapin, ISBN 978-8185822594, pp 11
  14. ^ Edward Washburn Hopkins, Epic Mythology, p. 224, at Google Books, pp. 224–226
  15. ^ Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. Penguin Books India. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.
  16. ^ MacGregor, Neil (2011). A History of the World in 100 Objects (First American ed.). New York: Viking Press. p. 440. ISBN 978-0-670-02270-0.
  17. ^ Ananda Coomaraswamy, Saiva Sculptures, Museum of Fine Arts Bulletin, Vol. 20, No. 118 (Apr. 1922), pp 17
  18. ^ Stella Kramrisch (1975), The Indian Great Goddess, History of Religions, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 261
  19. ^ Hariani Santiko, The Goddess Durgā (warrior form of Parvati)in the East-Javanese Period, Asian Folklore Studies, Vol. 56, No. 2 (1997), pp. 209–226
  20. ^ Ananda Coomaraswamy, Saiva Sculptures, Museum of Fine Arts Bulletin, Vol. 20, No. 118 (Apr. 1922), pp 15–24