| Pathologic fracture | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Insufficiency fracture |
 | |
| Pathological fracture of the humerus in a patient with metastasis of renal cell carcinoma | |
| Specialty | Rheumatology  |
A pathologic fracture is a bone fracture caused by weakness of the bone structure that leads to decrease mechanical resistance to normal mechanical loads.[1] This process is most commonly due to osteoporosis, but may also be due to other pathologies such as cancer, infection (such as osteomyelitis), inherited bone disorders, or a bone cyst. Only a small number of conditions are commonly responsible for pathological fractures, including osteoporosis, osteomalacia, Paget's disease, Osteitis, osteogenesis imperfecta, benign bone tumours and cysts, secondary malignant bone tumours and primary malignant bone tumours.
Fragility fracture is a type of pathologic fracture that occurs as a result of an injury that would be insufficient to cause fracture in a normal bone.[2] There are three fracture sites said to be typical of fragility fractures: vertebral fractures, fractures of the neck of the femur, and Colles fracture of the wrist. This definition arises because a normal human being ought to be able to fall from standing height without breaking any bones, and a fracture, therefore, suggests weakness of the skeleton.
Pathological fractures present as a chalkstick fracture in long bones, and appear as a transverse fractures nearly 90 degrees to the long axis of the bone. In a pathological compression fracture of a spinal vertebra fractures will commonly appear to collapse the entire body of vertebra.
- ^ Salehi, Sana; Abedi, Aidin; Gross, Jordan S.; Gholamrezanezhad, Ali (2019-06-22). "Prayer's fracture: rare cases of knee insufficiency fracture in non-weight-bearing femoral condyle". Clinical Imaging. 58: 80–83. doi:10.1016/j.clinimag.2019.06.013. ISSN 0899-7071. PMID 31279988. S2CID 195830673.
- ^ Vanasse, Alain; Dagenais, Pierre; Niyonsenga, Théophile; Grégoire, Jean-Pierre; Courteau, Josiane; Hemiari, Abbas (2005). "Bone mineral density measurement and osteoporosis treatment after a fragility fracture in older adults: regional variation and determinants of use in Quebec". BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 6 (1): 33. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-6-33. ISSN 1471-2474. PMC 1187894. PMID 15969760.