Patna

This article is about the capital of Bihar. For other uses, see Patna district and Patna (disambiguation).

Patna
Paṭanā
Pāṭaliputra
Metropolis
From top, left to right: Sabhyata Dwar, Patna High Court, Takht Sri Patna Sahib, Buddha Smriti Park, Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library, Mahavir Mandir, Bihar Museum, Patna College, Digha–Sonpur Bridge, IIT, Bailey Road, AIIMS, Bihar Legislature
Patna is located in Patna
Patna
Patna
Location in Patna
Patna is located in Bihar
Patna
Patna
Location in Bihar
Patna is located in India
Patna
Patna
Location in India
Coordinates: 25°35′39″N 85°08′15″E / 25.5940343°N 85.1375530°E / 25.5940343; 85.1375530
Country India
State Bihar
DivisionPatna
DistrictPatna
Established490 BCE
Founded byUdayin
Government
 • TypeMunicipal corporation
 • BodyPatna Municipal Corporation
Nagar Parishad Danapur Nizamat
 • Parliament of IndiaRavi Shankar Prasad (BJP)
Misa Bharti(RJD)
 • MayorSita Sahu[2]
 • Municipal CommissionerAnimesh Kumar Parashar, IAS[3]
Area
[4]
 • City
250 km2 (100 sq mi)
 • Metro
600 km2 (200 sq mi)
 • Rank18
Elevation
[5]
53 m (174 ft)
Population
 (2011)[6]
 • City
1,684,222 (IN: 19th)[1]
 • Density6,800/km2 (18,000/sq mi)
 • Urban
2,046,652 (IN: 18th)
 • Metro
3,874,000 (IN: 12th)
Demonym(s)Pataniya (local), Patnawasi (Hindi), Patnaite
Language
 • OfficialHindi[7]
 • Additional officialUrdu[7]
 • RegionalMagahi
Bhojpuri
Maithili[8][9]
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Pincode(s)
8000xx (Patna)[10]
Area Code(s)+91-(0)612
ISO 3166 codeIN-BR-PA
IN PAT
Vehicle registrationBR-01
Literacy (2011)82.73%[11]
Sex ratio (2011)897 ♀/1000 ♂[6]
AirportJay Prakash Narayan Airport
Rapid TransitPatna Metro
GDP(2020)US$17.085 (equivalent to $20.11 in 2023)Billion[12]
Websitepatna.nic.in

Patna (/ˈpʌtnə, ˈpæt-/;[13][14] Hindi: [ˈpəʈnaː] ⓘ, ISO: Paṭanā), historically known as Pāṭaliputra,[15] is the capital and largest city of the state of Bihar in India.[1] According to the United Nations, as of 2018, Patna had a population of 2.35 million,[16] making it the 19th largest city in India.[1] Covering 250 square kilometres (97 sq mi) and over 2.5 million people, its urban agglomeration is the 15th largest in India. Patna also serves as the seat of Patna High Court. The Buddhist, Hindu and Jain pilgrimage centres of Vaishali, Rajgir, Nalanda, Bodh Gaya and Pawapuri are nearby and Patna City is a sacred city for Sikhs as the tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh was born here.[17] The modern city of Patna is mainly on the southern bank of the river Ganges. The city also straddles the rivers Son, Gandak and Punpun. The city is approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) in length and 16 to 18 kilometres (9.9 to 11.2 mi) wide.

One of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the world,[18] Patna was founded in 490 BCE by the king of Magadha. Ancient Patna, known as Pataliputra, was the capital of the Magadha Empire throughout the Haryanka, Nanda, Mauryan, Shunga, Gupta, and Pala dynasties. Pataliputra was a seat of learning and fine arts. It was home to many astronomers and scholars including Aryabhata, Vātsyāyana and Chanakya.[19][20] During the Maurya period (around 300 BCE) its population was about 400,000.[21] Patna served as the seat of power, and political and cultural centre of the Indian subcontinent during the Maurya and Gupta empires.[22] With the fall of the Gupta Empire, Patna lost its glory. The British revived it again in the 17th century as a centre of international trade. Following the partition of Bengal presidency in 1912, Patna became the capital of Bihar and Orissa Province.[23]

Until the 19th century, it was a major trading and commercial hub in India.[24] After independence there were a few downturns but its economy was still stable.[25] After the separation of Jharkhand from Bihar, it lost its glory.[26] As per the Directorate of Economics and Statistics (Government of Bihar), Nominal GDP of Patna District was estimated at INR 63,176.55 crores in 2011-12.[27][28] As of 2011-12, Patna already recorded per capita gross domestic product of ₹1,08,657, way ahead of many other Indian cities and state capitals.[27][29] Using figures for assumed average annual growth, Patna is the 21st fastest growing city in the world and 5th fastest growing city in India according to a study by the City Mayors Foundation. Patna registered an average annual growth of 3.72% during 2006–2010.[30] As of 2011-12, the GDP per capita of Patna is ₹1,08,657, and its GDP growth rate is 7.29 per cent. In June 2009, the World Bank ranked Patna second in India (after Delhi) for ease of starting a business.[31]

  1. ^ a b c "Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 May 2012. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  2. ^ "NDA-backed Sita Sahu is first woman mayor of Patna". 19 June 2017. Archived from the original on 22 June 2017.
  3. ^ "District magistrates of Patna Division" (PDF). Divisional commissioner of Patna division. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference Plan2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ "CPRS Patna About Us". CRPS. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
  6. ^ a b "Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lac and above" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 November 2011. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  7. ^ a b "52nd REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  8. ^ "Demography". patna.nic.in. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  9. ^ "Magahi". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 6 February 2018. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  10. ^ "PATNA CITY Pin Code - 800008, Sampatchak All Post Office Areas PIN Codes, Search PATNA Post Office Address". ABP Live. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
  11. ^ "Patna Urban Region". census2011.co.in. Archived from the original on 10 December 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  12. ^ https://metroverse.cid.harvard.edu/city/8914/overview
  13. ^ "Definition of PATNA". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
  14. ^ Jones, Daniel (2003) [1917], Peter Roach; James Hartmann; Jane Setter (eds.), English Pronouncing Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 3-12-539683-2
  15. ^ "Unravelling Pataliputra". The Times of India. 23 April 2023.
  16. ^ "The World's Cities in 2018" (PDF). United Nations. October 2018. p. 19. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  17. ^ Verma, Kumod (30 December 2001). "Gurdwara gears up for Guru's jayanti". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 July 2012. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
  18. ^ "Populations of Largest Cities in PMNs from 2000BC to 1988AD". Archived from the original on 29 September 2007.
  19. ^ "Patna Tour". cultureholidays.com. Archived from the original on 4 April 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  20. ^ "Ancient Patliputra". go4patna.com. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  21. ^ O'Malley, L. S. S. (2005). James, J. F. W. (ed.). History of Magadha. Delhi: Veena Publication. p. 23. ISBN 978-81-89224-01-1. Archived from the original on 28 May 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
  22. ^ "The largest city in the world and other fabulous Mauryan facts". Indian Express. 17 January 2019. Archived from the original on 17 January 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  23. ^ Cite error: The named reference capital was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  24. ^ Shrivastava, Nripendra Kumar (2010). "Contribution Of Trade And Commerce In The Trend And Pattern Of Urban Growth Of Patna(1657-1765)". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 71: 327–334. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44147500. Archived from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
  25. ^ "The Patna Collectorate: A link to city's past as a Dutch trading post". The Indian Express. 26 October 2020. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
  26. ^ Singh, Rajeshwar Prasad (1975). "The Decline Of Pātaliputra With Special Reference To Geograhical Factors". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 36: 51–62. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44138834. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
  27. ^ a b "District Domestic Product 2004–05 to 2011–12". Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Planning and Development, Government of Bihar. Archived from the original on 15 June 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  28. ^ Vaibhav, Vikash; Das, Varun Kumar (30 March 2021). "The old Bimaru states have new boom towns. But only in pockets". ThePrint. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  29. ^ "Property Prices in Patna". Archived from the original on 12 August 2016. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
  30. ^ Cite error: The named reference cmf was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  31. ^ "New Delhi, Patna best cities to start a business: World Bank". The Times of India. PTI. 30 June 2009. Archived from the original on 16 May 2010. Retrieved 24 February 2011.