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The Patrologia Orientalis is an attempt to create a comprehensive collection of the writings by eastern Church Fathers in Syriac, Armenian, Arabic, Coptic, Ge'ez, Georgian, and Slavonic, published with a Latin, English, Italian or mostly French translation. It is designed to complement the comprehensive, influential, and monumental Latin and Greek patrologies published in the 19th century. It began in 1897 as the Patrologia Syriaca, was discontinued in its original form and replaced by the Patrologia Orientalis. The collection began with those liturgical texts that touch on hagiography. Since then critical editions of the Bible, theological works, homilies and letters have been published.
The edition is ongoing. Editors were René Graffin, (d. 1941); François Nau (d. 1931); Max, Prince of Saxony (d. 1951) and from 1951 François Graffin. Volume 1 was published in 1904, and 1984 saw the publication of volume 41.