Peer-to-peer

For other uses, see Peer-to-peer (disambiguation), Point-to-point (disambiguation), and P2P (disambiguation).
A peer-to-peer (P2P) network in which interconnected nodes ("peers") share resources amongst each other without the use of a centralized administrative system

Peer-to-peer (P2P) computing or networking is a distributed application architecture that partitions tasks or workloads between peers. Peers are equally privileged, equipotent participants in the network, forming a peer-to-peer network of nodes.[1] In addition, a personal area network (PAN) is also in nature a type of decentralized peer-to-peer network typically between two devices.[2]

The opposite of a peer-to-peer network: based on the client–server model, where individual clients request services and resources from centralized servers

Peers make a portion of their resources, such as processing power, disk storage, or network bandwidth, directly available to other network participants, without the need for central coordination by servers or stable hosts.[3] Peers are both suppliers and consumers of resources, in contrast to the traditional client–server model in which the consumption and supply of resources are divided.[4]

While P2P systems had previously been used in many application domains,[5] the architecture was popularized by the Internet file sharing system Napster, originally released in 1999.[6] P2P is used in many protocols such as BitTorrent file sharing over the Internet[7] and in personal networks like Miracast displaying and Bluetooth radio.[8] The concept has inspired new structures and philosophies in many areas of human interaction. In such social contexts, peer-to-peer as a meme refers to the egalitarian social networking that has emerged throughout society, enabled by Internet technologies in general.

  1. ^ Cope, James (2002-04-08). "What's a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Network?". Computerworld. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
  2. ^ Desire Athow (12 July 2016). "Why personal area networks are the best thing to happen to hotel Wi-Fi".
  3. ^ Rüdiger Schollmeier, A Definition of Peer-to-Peer Networking for the Classification of Peer-to-Peer Architectures and Applications, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing, IEEE (2002).
  4. ^ Bandara, H. M. N. D; A. P. Jayasumana (2012). "Collaborative Applications over Peer-to-Peer Systems – Challenges and Solutions". Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications. 6 (3): 257–276. arXiv:1207.0790. Bibcode:2012arXiv1207.0790D. doi:10.1007/s12083-012-0157-3. S2CID 14008541.
  5. ^ Barkai, David (2001). Peer-to-peer computing : technologies for sharing and collaborating on the net. Hillsboro, OR: Intel Press. ISBN 978-0970284679. OCLC 49354877.
  6. ^ Saroiu, Stefan; Gummadi, Krishna P.; Gribble, Steven D. (2003-08-01). "Measuring and analyzing the characteristics of Napster and Gnutella hosts". Multimedia Systems. 9 (2): 170–184. doi:10.1007/s00530-003-0088-1. ISSN 1432-1882. S2CID 15963045.
  7. ^ "What Is BitTorrent and Is It Safe?". www.kaspersky.com. 2023-04-19. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  8. ^ "האוניברסיטה הפתוחה". www.openu.ac.il. Retrieved 2024-07-15.