Pend d'Oreilles

Kalispel
Pend d'Oreille
Touch Her Dress, a Kalispel girl, ca. 1910
Total population
over 400
Regions with significant populations
United States
(Montana, Washington)
Languages
Kalispel-Pend d’Oreille, English[1]
Religion
traditional tribal religion
Related ethnic groups
Chewelah,[2] Spokane

The Pend d'Oreille or Pend d'Oreilles (/ˌpɒndəˈr/ PON-də-RAY), also known as the Kalispel (/ˈkæləspɛl/),[3] are Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Plateau. Today many of them live in Montana and eastern Washington of the United States. The Kalispel peoples referred to their primary tribal range as Kaniksu.

Their traditional territory comprised the drainage systems of the Flathead River, Clark Fork, and Pend Oreille rivers. It extended from roughly present-day Plains, Montana, westward along the Clark Fork River, to Lake Pend Oreille[3] and Priest Lake in Idaho, and the Pend Oreille River (Ntxwe, meaning "river") in eastern Washington and into British Columbia (Canada).

They lived in many bands — originally, probably eleven — in their historic lands. They are generally divided geographically and culturally in two groupings:[4]

and

  • the "downstream people" or Lower Kalispel (or "Lower Pend d’Oreille") are commonly referred to as the Kalispel. They were also known as Silkatkmlschi or Sɫq̓etkʷmsčin̓t ("People Living along the Shore of the Broad Water"), because they lived by Flathead Lake (Čɫq̓étkʷ - "Broad Water"). Today many are enrolled in the Kalispel Tribe of Indians in Washington. Some families are members of the Coeur d’Alene Tribe in Idaho.

In addition, some Kalispel are enrolled in the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation in eastern Washington.[2]

Prior to colonization by European-Americans, Chewelah was home to a band of the Lower Kalispel people. The band was known as the Slet̓éw̓si, meaning "valley people". The Chewelah Band of Indians is currently part of the Spokane Tribe of Indians of Washington.

  1. ^ "Kalispel-Pend d’Oreille." Ethnologue. Retrieved August 5, 2013.
  2. ^ a b Pritzker 258
  3. ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Kalispel" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 642.
  4. ^ - The Salish Institute - Salish & Kalispel (Pend d'Oreille) History