Penning ionization

Penning ionization is a form of chemi-ionization, an ionization process involving reactions between neutral atoms or molecules.[1][2] The Penning effect is put to practical use in applications such as gas-discharge neon lamps and fluorescent lamps, where the lamp is filled with a Penning mixture to improve the electrical characteristics of the lamps.

  1. ^ Arango, C. A.; Shapiro, M.; Brumer, P. (2006). "Cold atomic collisions: coherent control of penning and associative ionization". Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 (19): 193202. arXiv:physics/0610131. Bibcode:2006PhRvL..97s3202A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.193202. PMID 17155624.
  2. ^ Hiraoka, K.; Furuya, H.; Kambara, S.; Suzuki, S.; Hashimoto, Y.; Takamizawa, A. (2006). "Atmospheric-pressure Penning ionization of aliphatic hydrocarbons". Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 20 (21): 3213–22. Bibcode:2006RCMS...20.3213H. doi:10.1002/rcm.2706. PMID 17016831.