Clinical data | |
---|---|
Trade names | Nebupent, Pentam, others[1] |
Other names | pentamidine diisethionate, pentamidine dimesilate |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
Routes of administration | IV, IM, inhalation |
ATC code | |
Legal status | |
Legal status |
|
Pharmacokinetic data | |
Protein binding | 69% |
Elimination half-life | 6.4-9.4 hours |
Identifiers | |
| |
CAS Number | |
PubChem CID | |
DrugBank | |
ChemSpider | |
UNII | |
KEGG | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.002.583 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C19H24N4O2 |
Molar mass | 340.427 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
Melting point | 186 °C (367 °F) (dec.) |
| |
| |
(verify) |
Pentamidine is an antimicrobial medication used to treat African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, Balamuthia infections,[2] babesiosis, and to prevent and treat pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in people with poor immune function.[1] In African trypanosomiasis it is used for early disease before central nervous system involvement, as a second line option to suramin.[1] It is an option for both visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis.[1] Pentamidine can be given by injection into a vein or muscle or by inhalation.[1]
Common side effects of the injectable form include low blood sugar, pain at the site of injection, nausea, vomiting, low blood pressure, and kidney problems.[1] Common side effects of the inhaled form include wheezing, cough, and nausea.[1] It is unclear if doses should be changed in those with kidney or liver problems.[1] Pentamidine is not recommended in early pregnancy but may be used in later pregnancy.[1] Its safety during breastfeeding is unclear.[3] Pentamidine is in the aromatic diamidine family of medications.[4] While the way the medication works is not entirely clear, it is believed to involve decreasing the production of DNA, RNA, and protein.[1]
Pentamidine came into medical use in 1937.[5] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[6] It is available as a generic medication.[1] In regions of the world where trypanosomiasis is common pentamidine is provided for free by the World Health Organization (WHO).[7]