Perovskite

Perovskite
Crystals of perovskite on matrix
Size: 2.3 cm × 2.1 cm × 2.0 cm (0.9 in × 0.8 in × 0.8 in)
General
CategoryOxide minerals
Formula
(repeating unit)
CaTiO3
IMA symbolPrv[1]
Strunz classification4.CC.30
Crystal systemOrthorhombic
Crystal classDipyramidal (mmm)
H-M symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m)
Space groupPbnm
Identification
Formula mass135.96 g/mol
ColorBlack, reddish brown, pale yellow, yellowish orange
Crystal habitPseudo cubic – crystals show a cubic outline
Twinningcomplex penetration twins
Cleavage[100] good, [010] good, [001] good
FractureConchoidal
Mohs scale hardness5.0–5.5
LusterAdamantine to metallic; may be dull
Streakgrayish white
DiaphaneityTransparent to opaque
Specific gravity3.98–4.26
Optical propertiesBiaxial (+)
Refractive indexnα = 2.3, nβ = 2.34, nγ = 2.38
Other characteristicsnon-radioactive, non-magnetic
References[2][3][4][5]

Perovskite (pronunciation: /pəˈrɒvskt/) is a calcium titanium oxide mineral composed of calcium titanate (chemical formula CaTiO3). Its name is also applied to the class of compounds which have the same type of crystal structure as CaTiO3, known as the perovskite structure, which has a general chemical formula A2+B4+(X2−)3.[6] Many different cations can be embedded in this structure, allowing the development of diverse engineered materials.[7]

  1. ^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
  2. ^ "Prehnit (Prehnite)". Mineralienatlas.de.
  3. ^ "Perovskite". Webmineral.
  4. ^ Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C. (eds.). "Perovskite" (PDF). Handbook of Mineralogy. Chantilly, VA: Mineralogical Society of America.
  5. ^ Inoue, Naoki; Zou, Yanhui (2006). "Physical properties of perovskite-type lithium ionic conductor" (PDF). In Sakuma, Takashi; Takahashi, Haruyuki (eds.). Physics of Solid State Ionics. Research Signpost. pp. 247–269. ISBN 978-81-308-0070-7.
  6. ^ Wenk, Hans-Rudolf; Bulakh, Andrei (2004). Minerals: Their Constitution and Origin. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 413. ISBN 978-0-521-52958-7.
  7. ^ Szuromi, Phillip; Grocholski, Brent (2017). "Natural and engineered perovskites". Science. 358 (6364): 732–733. Bibcode:2017Sci...358..732S. doi:10.1126/science.358.6364.732. PMID 29123058.