Pervez Musharraf

General Pervez Musharraf NI(M) HI(M) TBt
پرویز مشرف
Musharraf in 2008
10th President of Pakistan
In office 20 June 2001 – 18 August 2008
Prime Minister	See list Zafarullah Khan Jamali Shujaat Hussain Shaukat Aziz Muhammad Mian Soomro (caretaker) Yusuf Raza Gilani
Preceded by	Muhammad Rafiq Tarar
Succeeded by	Muhammad Mian Soomro (acting)
Chief Executive of Pakistan
In office 12 October 1999 – 21 November 2002
President	Muhammad Rafiq Tarar
Preceded by	Nawaz Sharif (Prime Minister)
Succeeded by	Zafarullah Khan Jamali (Prime Minister)
Minister of Defence
In office 12 October 1999 – 23 October 2002
Preceded by	Nawaz Sharif
Succeeded by	Rao Sikandar Iqbal
10th Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee
In office 8 October 1998 – 7 October 2001
Preceded by	Jehangir Karamat
Succeeded by	Aziz Khan
7th Chief of Army Staff
In office 6 October 1998 – 29 November 2007
President	Muhammad Rafiq Tarar Himself
Prime Minister	See list Nawaz Sharif Zafarullah Khan Jamali Shaukat Aziz Muhammad Mian Soomro (caretaker)
Preceded by	Jehangir Karamat
Succeeded by	Ashfaq Parvez Kayani
Personal details
Born	Syed Pervez Musharraf (1943-08-11)11 August 1943 Delhi, British India
Died	5 February 2023(2023-02-05) (aged 79) Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Resting place	Army Graveyard, Karachi, Pakistan
Citizenship	British subject (until 1947) Pakistan (after 1947)
Political party	All Pakistan Muslim League
Other political affiliations	Pakistan Muslim League (Q)
Spouse	Sehba ​ (m. 1968)​
Children	2
Alma mater	Pakistan Military Academy Command and Staff College National Defence University RCDS
Awards	Nishan-e-Imtiaz Hilal-i-Imtiaz Tamgha-e-Basalat Order of King Abdulaziz Order of Zayed
Military service
Branch/service	Pakistan Army
Years of service	1964–2007
Rank	General
Unit	Regiment of Artillery
Commands	I Corps Special Services Group Director General Military Operations 40th Infantry Division
Battles/wars	Indo-Pakistani Wars War of 1965 War of 1971 Siachen War Kargil War Afghan Civil War War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) 1999 Pakistani coup d'état India–Pakistan standoff (2001) War on Terror Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Insurgency in Balochistan

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This article is part of a series about Pervez Musharraf
Early life Military career 1999 coup d'état Political career High treason case Political views Enlightened moderation Elections Referendum 2004 2007 Parties PML (Q) All Pakistan Muslim League President of Pakistan Seventeenth Amendment Suspension of Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry Siege of Lal Masjid National Reconciliation Ordinance 2007 state of emergency Impeachment movement Bibliography In the Line of Fire: A Memoir Media related to Pervez Musharraf at Wikimedia Commons
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Pervez Musharraf^[a] (11 August 1943 – 5 February 2023) was a Pakistani military officer and politician who served as the tenth president of Pakistan from 2001 to 2008.

Prior to his career in politics, he was a four-star general and appointed as the chief of Army Staff and, later, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff by prime minister Nawaz Sharif in 1998. He was the leading war strategist in the Kargil infiltration that brought India and Pakistan to a brink of war in 1999. When prime minister Sharif unsuccessfully attempted to dismiss general Musharraf from his command assignments, the Army GHQ took over the control of the civilian government, which allowed him to control the military and the civilian government.

In 2001, Musharaff seized the presidency through a legality and a referendum but was constitutionally confirmed in this capacity in 2004. With a new amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan, his presidency sponsored the premierships of Zafarullah Jamali and later Shaukat Aziz and played a sustaining and pivotal role in American-led War on terror in Afghanistan.

On social issues, his presidency promoted the social liberalism under his enlightened moderation program; and on economic front, the privatization and economic liberalization was aggressively pursued though the Aziz's premiership that sharply rose the overall gross domestic product (GDP). Without the meaningful reforms and the continued banned on the trade unions, the decline of social security, and the economic inequality rose at a rapid rate. The Musharraf presidency also suffered with containing the religiously-motivated terrorism, violence, tribal nationalism, and the fundamentalism. His presidency was also accused of violating the basic rights granted in the constitution. In 2007, he attempted to seized the control of the Supreme Court by approving the relieve of the Chief Justice of Pakistan, and later suspended the writ of the constitution, which led to fall of his presidency dramatically when he resigned to avoid impeachment in 2008.

In 2013, Musharraf returned to Pakistan to participate in the general election but was later disqualified from participating when lawsuits were filed against him in the country's high courts alleging involvement in the assassinations of nationalists Akbar Bugti and Benazir Bhutto. Furthermore, Prime Minister Sharif instructed his administration to open an inquiry and filed a proceeding in Supreme Court regarding the suspension of the writ of the constitution in 2007.

In 2014, Musharraf was declared an "absconder" in the Bugti and Bhutto assassination cases by virtue of moving to Dubai due to failing health.^[1] Finally in 2019, the Special Court found Musharraf of guilty of violating the constitution in 2007, and upheld a verdict that sentenced him to death in absentia.^[2][3] Musharraf died at age 79 in Dubai in 2023 after a prolonged case of amyloidosis. His legacy is seen as mixed; his time in power saw the emergence of a more assertive middle class, but his open disregard for civilian institutions greatly weakened democracy and the state of Pakistan.^[4][5]

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