Peter Chamberlen M.D. (1601–1683), known as Peter the Third, was an English physician. The obstetrical forceps as invention has been credited to the Chamberlen family: the earliest evidence of what was a family trade secret points to his having it in 1630. He continued the family tradition of trying to bring the profession of midwifery under their control.[1] His writings blend ideas associated with the Fifth Monarchists and Levellers with social schemes of his own with a utopian flavour.[2]