Petroleum industry in Mexico

A gas station in Puerto Vallarta
History of oil production in Mexico

The petroleum industry in Mexico makes Mexico the eleventh largest producer of oil in the world and the thirteenth largest in terms of net exports. Mexico has the seventeenth largest oil reserves in the world, and it is the fourth largest oil producer in the Western Hemisphere behind the United States, Canada and Brazil.[1][2] Mexico is a member of OPEC+ and the North American Free Trade Agreement.

The petroleum sector is crucial to the Mexican economy; while its oil production has fallen in recent years, oil revenues still generate over 10% of Mexico's export earnings.[3] Taxes on the revenues of the state-owned oil company Petróleos Mexicanos (Pemex) formed roughly 20% of all tax revenues collected by the Mexican government in 2022.[4]

While a significant contributor to the overall Mexican economy, the industry has been criticized as a driver of pollution[5] and environmental destruction.[6] In some cases, residents of extraction zones have expressed negative opinions regarding the effects that the oil industry has on their community.[6][7] In addition to this, issues such as corruption and fuel theft hinder operational efficiency.[6][8]

  1. ^ "Energy: Mexico". World Factbook. CIA. June 20, 2014. Retrieved 2014-11-20.
  2. ^ International Energy Agency. (2023). Mexico - Countries & Regions. IEA.
  3. ^ Mexico Energy Data, Statistics and Analysis - Oil, Gas, Electricity, Coal Archived 2006-03-09 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ Mexico - Oil and Gas. International Trade Administration. (2023, November 5).
  5. ^   Granados Hernández, E., López  Andrade, X., Vega Rangel, E., Sosa Echeverria, R., Alarcón Jiménez, A. L., Fuentes García, G., & Sánchez Álvarez, P. (2021). Energy consumption and atmospheric emissions from refined petroleum in Mexico by 2030. Ingeniería Investigación y Tecnología, 22(1), 1–13.
  6. ^ a b c Cavazos-Arroyo, J., Pérez-Armendáriz, B., & Mauricio-Gutiérrez, A. (2014). Afectaciones y consecuencias de los derrames de Hidrocarburos en Suelos Agrícolas de Acatzingo, Puebla, México. Agricultura Sociedad y Desarrollo, 11(4), 539.
  7. ^ Aguilar León, I. (2018). Extracción de Petróleo Y Transformaciones Socioterritoriales. Regions and Cohesion, 8(1), 25–53.
  8. ^ Sandoval Ballesteros, I. E. (2023). Huachicoleo y neoliberalismo. Estudios Políticos, (60), 259–268.