Pharyngula

The pharyngula is a stage in the embryonic development of vertebrates.[1] At this stage, the embryos of all vertebrates are similar, having developed features typical of vertebrates, such as the beginning of a spinal cord. Named by William Ballard,[2] the pharyngula stage follows the blastula, gastrula and neurula stages.

  1. ^ Gilbert SF (2000). Developmental mechanisms of evolutionary change. in: Developmental Biology (6th ed.). Sinauer Associates. ISBN 0-87893-243-7.
  2. ^ Ballard WW (1981). "Morphogenetic Movements and Fate Maps of Vertebrates". American Zoologist. 21 (2): 391–9. doi:10.1093/icb/21.2.391.