Phasor measurement unit

Using a PMU, it is simple to detect abnormal waveform shapes. A waveform shape described mathematically is called a phasor.

A phasor measurement unit (PMU) is a device used to estimate the magnitude and phase angle of an electrical phasor quantity (such as voltage or current) in the electricity grid using a common time source for synchronization. Time synchronization is usually provided by GPS or IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol, which allows synchronized real-time measurements of multiple remote points on the grid. PMUs are capable of capturing samples from a waveform in quick succession and reconstructing the phasor quantity, made up of an angle measurement and a magnitude measurement. The resulting measurement is known as a synchrophasor. These time synchronized measurements are important because if the grid’s supply and demand are not perfectly matched, frequency imbalances can cause stress on the grid, which is a potential cause for power outages.[1]

PMUs can also be used to measure the frequency in the power grid. A typical commercial PMU can report measurements with very high temporal resolution, up to 120 measurements per second. This helps engineers in analyzing dynamic events in the grid which is not possible with traditional SCADA measurements that generate one measurement every 2 or 4 seconds. Therefore, PMUs equip utilities with enhanced monitoring and control capabilities and are considered to be one of the most important measuring devices in the future of power systems.[2] A PMU can be a dedicated device, or the PMU function can be incorporated into a protective relay or other device.[3]

  1. ^ "New technology can improve electric power system efficiency and reliability - Today in Energy - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)". www.eia.gov. Retrieved 2019-05-07.
  2. ^ Yilu Liu; Lamine Mili; Jaime De La Ree; Reynaldo Francisco Nuqui; Reynaldo Francisco Nuqui (2001-07-12). "State Estimation and Voltage Security Monitoring Using Synchronized Phasor Measurement". Research Paper from Work Sponsored by American Electric Power, ABB Power T&D Company, and Tennessee Valley Authority. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.2.7959. Simulations and field experiences suggest that PMUs can revolutionize the way power systems are monitored and controlled. However, it is perceived that costs and communication links will affect the number of PMUs to be installed in any power system.
  3. ^ KEMA, Inc. (November 2006). "Substation Communications: Enabler of Automation / Technologies". UTC — United Telecom Council: 3–40. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)