Phenazepam

Phenazepam
Clinical data
Trade namessee below
AHFS/Drugs.comInternational Drug Names
Routes of
administration		Oral, IM, IV
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription Only Medicine) - Not specifically scheduled by name in SUSMP, but would be covered by the catch all of "Benzodiazepine Derivatives except where separately specified" listed in Schedule 4.[1]
  • BR: Class B1 (Psychoactive drugs)[3]
  • CA: Schedule IV
  • DE: NpSG (Industrial and scientific use only)
  • UK: Class C
  • US: Unscheduled (Schedule I in Louisiana).[2] Not FDA approved.
  • (RU) Rx only [4]
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability16,7% (rat)[5]
MetabolismHepatic — aromatic oxidation and C3-hydroxylation[6]
Onset of action1.5–4 hours
Elimination half-life6–18 hours (active metabolite unknown)
ExcretionRenal
Identifiers
  • 7-Bromo-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.207.405 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC15H10BrClN2O
Molar mass349.61 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • c1ccc(c(c1)C2=NCC(=O)Nc3c2cc(cc3)Br)Cl
  • InChI=1S/C15H10BrClN2O/c16-9-5-6-13-11(7-9)15(18-8-14(20)19-13)10-3-1-2-4-12(10)17/h1-7H,8H2,(H,19,20) checkY
  • Key:CGMJQQJSWIRRRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)

Phenazepam (also known in Russia as bromdihydrochlorphenylbenzodiazepine) is a benzodiazepine drug, first developed in the Soviet Union in 1975,[7] and now produced in Russia and several other countries.

Phenazepam is used in the treatment of various mental disorders such as psychiatric schizophrenia and anxiety. It can be used as a premedication before surgery as it augments the effects of anesthetics. Recently,[when?] phenazepam has gained popularity as a recreational drug; misuse has been reported in the United Kingdom,[8] Finland,[9] Sweden,[10] and the United States.[11][12]

  1. ^ "Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard—June 2024) Instrument 2024".
  2. ^ "Louisiana Laws - Louisiana State Legislature".
  3. ^ Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
  4. ^ http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102119239 = СПИСОК сильнодействующих веществ для целей статьи 234 и других статей Уголовного кодекса Российской Федерации |
  5. ^ Pharmacokinetics of Transdermal therapeutic Systems of Phenazepam and Cytisine in the Experiment (abstract). DisserCat — Electronic Library of Dissertations (Thesis) (in Russian). 1999.
  6. ^ Golovenko NI, Zin'kovskiĭ VG (1979). "[2-14C-phenazepam metabolism in vitro]". Farmakologiia i Toksikologiia (in Russian). 42 (6): 597–600. PMID 40817.
  7. ^ [failed verification]"World Health Organization". World Health Organization. Retrieved 2017-09-20.
  8. ^ Corkery JM, Schifano F, Ghodse AH (May 2012). "Phenazepam". Human Psychopharmacology. 27 (3): 254–61. doi:10.1002/hup.2222. PMID 22407587. S2CID 20410292.
  9. ^ Kriikku P, Wilhelm L, Rintatalo J, Hurme J, Kramer J, Ojanperä I (July 2012). "Phenazepam abuse in Finland: Findings from apprehended drivers, post-mortem cases and police confiscations". Forensic Science International. 220 (1–3): 111–7. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.02.006. PMID 22391477.
  10. ^ Mrozkowska J, Vinge E, Borna C (2009). "[Abuse of phenazepam--new phenomenon in Sweden. Benzodiazepine derivative from Russia caused severe intoxication]". Läkartidningen. 106 (8): 516–7. PMID 19350785.
  11. ^ Maskell PD, De Paoli G, Nitin Seetohul L, Pounder DJ (April 2012). "Phenazepam: the drug that came in from the cold". Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 19 (3): 122–5. doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2011.12.014. PMID 22390996.
  12. ^ Manchester KR, Waters L, Haider S, Maskell PD (July 2022). "The blood-to-plasma ratio and predicted GABAA-binding affinity of designer benzodiazepines". Forensic Toxicology. 40 (2): 349–356. doi:10.1007/s11419-022-00616-y. PMC 9715504. PMID 36454409. S2CID 247455284.