Phoneutria nigriventer toxin-3

Phoneutria nigriventer toxin-3 is more commonly referred to as PhTx3.

The PhTx3 neurotoxin is a broad-spectrum calcium channel blocker that inhibits glutamate release, calcium uptake and also glutamate uptake in synaptosomes.^[1] Currently, it is known to naturally occur only in the venom of the spider Phoneutria nigriventer, also known as the Brazilian Wandering spider.

^ Pinheiro, Ana C.N.; Gomez, Rodrigo S.; Massensini, Andre R.; Cordeiro, Marta N.; Richardson, Michael; Romano-Silva, Marco A.; Prado, Marco Antonio M.; Marco, Luiz De; Gomez, Marcus V. (October 2006). "Neuroprotective effect on brain injury by neurotoxins from the spider Phoneutria nigriventer". Neurochemistry International. 49 (5): 543–547. doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2006.04.009. PMID 16759753. S2CID 33511610. INIST 18035910.

[def-1] Pinheiro, Ana C.N.; Gomez, Rodrigo S.; Massensini, Andre R.; Cordeiro, Marta N.; Richardson, Michael; Romano-Silva, Marco A.; Prado, Marco Antonio M.; Marco, Luiz De; Gomez, Marcus V. (October 2006). "Neuroprotective effect on brain injury by neurotoxins from the spider Phoneutria nigriventer". Neurochemistry International. 49 (5): 543–547. doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2006.04.009. PMID 16759753. S2CID 33511610. INIST 18035910.

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