Phosphoryl chloride

Phosphoryl chloride
Phosphoryl chloride
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Phosphoryl trichloride[1]
Other names
  • Phosphorus(V) oxychloride
  • Phosphoric trichloride
  • Trichlorophosphate
  • Phosphorus(V) oxide trichloride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.030.030 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 233-046-7
2272
RTECS number
  • TH4897000
UNII
UN number 1810
  • InChI=1S/Cl3OP/c1-5(2,3)4 checkY
    Key: XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/Cl3OP/c1-5(2,3)4
    Key: XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYAS
  • O=P(Cl)(Cl)Cl
  • [O-][P+](Cl)(Cl)Cl
Properties
POCl3
Molar mass 153.32 g·mol−1
Appearance colourless liquid, fumes in moist air
Odor pungent and musty
Density 1.645 g/cm3, liquid
Melting point 1.25 °C (34.25 °F; 274.40 K)
Boiling point 105.8 °C (222.4 °F; 378.9 K)
Reacts
Solubility highly soluble in benzene, chloroform, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride
Vapor pressure 40 mmHg (27 °C)[2]
1.460
Structure
Tetrahedral at the P atom
2.54 D
Thermochemistry[3]
138.8 J·mol−1·K−1 (liquid), 84.9 J·mol−1·K−1 (gas)
222.5 J·mol−1·K−1 (liquid), 325.5 J·mol−1·K−1 (gas)
−597.1 kJ·mol−1 (liquid), −558.5 kJ·mol−1 (gas)
−520.8 kJ·mol−1 (liquid), −512.9 kJ·mol−1(gas)
Enthalpy of fusion (ΔfH⦵fus)
 13.1 kJ·mol−1
38.6 kJ·mol−1
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Toxic and corrosive; releases HCl on contact with water[2]
GHS labelling:
GHS05: CorrosiveGHS06: ToxicGHS07: Exclamation markGHS08: Health hazard
Danger
H302, H314, H330, H372
P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P314, P320, P321, P330, P363, P403+P233, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g. white phosphorusSpecial hazard W: Reacts with water in an unusual or dangerous manner. E.g. sodium, sulfuric acid
3
0
2
W
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
380 mg/kg (rat, oral)
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 none[2]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 0.1 ppm (0.6 mg/m3) ST 0.5 ppm (3 mg/m3)[2]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 N.D.[2]
Safety data sheet (SDS) ICSC 0190
Related compounds
Related compounds
Supplementary data page
Phosphoryl chloride (data page)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Phosphoryl chloride (commonly called phosphorus oxychloride) is a colourless liquid with the formula POCl3. It hydrolyses in moist air releasing phosphoric acid and fumes of hydrogen chloride. It is manufactured industrially on a large scale from phosphorus trichloride and oxygen or phosphorus pentoxide.[4] It is mainly used to make phosphate esters.

  1. ^ Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 926. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
  2. ^ a b c d e NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0508". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  3. ^ CRC handbook of chemistry and physics: a ready-reference book of chemical and physical data. William M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno (2016-2017, 97th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida. 2016. ISBN 978-1-4987-5428-6. OCLC 930681942.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
  4. ^ Toy, Arthur D. F. (1973). The Chemistry of Phosphorus. Oxford: Pergamon Press. ISBN 978-0-08-018780-8. OCLC 152398514.