Photonic metamaterial

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A photonic metamaterial (PM), also known as an optical metamaterial, is a type of electromagnetic metamaterial, that interacts with light, covering terahertz (THz), infrared (IR) or visible wavelengths.[1] The materials employ a periodic, cellular structure.

The subwavelength periodicity[2] distinguishes photonic metamaterials from photonic band gap or photonic crystal structures. The cells are on a scale that is magnitudes larger than the atom, yet much smaller than the radiated wavelength,[3][4] are on the order of nanometers.[3][4][5]

In a conventional material, the response to electric and magnetic fields, and hence to light, is determined by atoms.[6][7] In metamaterials, cells take the role of atoms in a material that is homogeneous at scales larger than the cells, yielding an effective medium model.[3][4][8][6][9]

Some photonic metamaterials exhibit magnetism at high frequencies, resulting in strong magnetic coupling. This can produce a negative index of refraction in the optical range.

Potential applications include cloaking and transformation optics.[10]

Photonic crystals differ from PM in that the size and periodicity of their scattering elements are larger, on the order of the wavelength. Also, a photonic crystal is not homogeneous, so it is not possible to define values of ε (permittivity) or u (permeability).[11]

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  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference photonic-mm-evolve was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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  7. ^ Linden, Stefan; Enkrich, Christian; Dolling, Gunnar; Klein, Matthias W.; Zhou, Jiangfeng; Koschny, Thomas; Soukoulis, Costas M.; Burger, Sven; Schmidt, Frank; Wegener, Martin (2006). "Photonic Metamaterials: Magnetism at Optical Frequencies" (PDF). IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. 12 (6): 1097. Bibcode:2006IJSTQ..12.1097L. doi:10.1109/JSTQE.2006.880600. S2CID 32319427.[dead link‍]
  8. ^ Responsive Photonic Nanostructures: Smart Nanoscale Optical Materials Editor: Yadong Yin RSC Cambridge 2013 https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/ebook/978-1-84973-653-4
  9. ^ Awad, Ehab (October 2021). "A novel metamaterial gain-waveguide nanolaser". Optics & Laser Technology. 142: 107202. Bibcode:2021OptLT.14207202A. doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2021.107202.
  10. ^ Shalaev, Vladimir M. (2009-11-23). "Metamaterials: A New Paradigm of Physics and Engineering". Optical Metamaterials Fundamentals and Applications. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4419-1150-6. Archived from the original on August 21, 2009.
  11. ^ Smith, David; Pendry, John B.; Wiltshire, M. C. K. (2004-08-06). "Metamaterials and Negative Refractive Index" (PDF). Science. 305 (5685): 788–792 (791). Bibcode:2004Sci...305..788S. doi:10.1126/science.1096796. PMID 15297655. S2CID 16664396. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 13, 2010.