Type of electromagnetic metamaterial
A photonic metamaterial (PM ), also known as an optical metamaterial , is a type of electromagnetic metamaterial , that interacts with light, covering terahertz (THz ), infrared (IR) or visible wavelengths .[ 1] The materials employ a periodic , cellular structure.
The subwavelength periodicity[ 2] distinguishes photonic metamaterials from photonic band gap or photonic crystal structures. The cells are on a scale that is magnitudes larger than the atom, yet much smaller than the radiated wavelength,[ 3] [ 4] are on the order of nanometers .[ 3] [ 4] [ 5]
In a conventional material, the response to electric and magnetic fields, and hence to light , is determined by atoms .[ 6] [ 7] In metamaterials, cells take the role of atoms in a material that is homogeneous at scales larger than the cells, yielding an effective medium model .[ 3] [ 4] [ 8] [ 6] [ 9]
Some photonic metamaterials exhibit magnetism at high frequencies, resulting in strong magnetic coupling. This can produce a negative index of refraction in the optical range.
Potential applications include cloaking and transformation optics .[ 10]
Photonic crystals differ from PM in that the size and periodicity of their scattering elements are larger, on the order of the wavelength. Also, a photonic crystal is not homogeneous , so it is not possible to define values of ε (permittivity ) or u (permeability ).[ 11]
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"Photonic Metamaterials" . Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology . Vol. I & II. Wiley. p. 1.
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Capolino, Filippo (October 2009). Applications of Metamaterials . Taylor & Francis . pp. 29–1, 25–14, 22–1. ISBN 978-1-4200-5423-1 .
^ Cite error: The named reference photonic-mm-evolve
was invoked but never defined (see the help page ).
^ a b Pendry, John (2006). "Photonics: Metamaterials in the sunshine" (PDF) . Nature Materials . 5 (8): 599–600. Bibcode :2006NatMa...5..599P . doi :10.1038/nmat1697 . PMID 16880801 . S2CID 39003335 . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-10-07. Retrieved 2009-10-15 .
^ Linden, Stefan; Enkrich, Christian; Dolling, Gunnar; Klein, Matthias W.; Zhou, Jiangfeng; Koschny, Thomas; Soukoulis, Costas M.; Burger, Sven; Schmidt, Frank; Wegener, Martin (2006). "Photonic Metamaterials: Magnetism at Optical Frequencies" (PDF) . IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics . 12 (6): 1097. Bibcode :2006IJSTQ..12.1097L . doi :10.1109/JSTQE.2006.880600 . S2CID 32319427 . [dead link ]
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