Picric acid

"Lyddite" redirects here. For the rock type, see Lydite.
Picric acid
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
2,4,6-Trinitrophenol[1]
Systematic IUPAC name
2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenol
Other names
Picric acid[1]
Carbazotic acid
Phenol trinitrate
Picronitric acid
Trinitrophenol
2,4,6-Trinitro-1-phenol
2-Hydroxy-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene
TNP
Melinite
Lyddite
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.001.696 Edit this at Wikidata
RTECS number
  • TJ7875000
UNII
UN number UN1344
  • InChI=1S/C6H3N3O7/c10-6-4(8(13)14)1-3(7(11)12)2-5(6)9(15)16/h1-2,10H checkY
    Key: OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C6H3N3O7/c10-6-4(8(13)14)1-3(7(11)12)2-5(6)9(15)16/h1-2,10H
    Key: OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYAM
  • O=[N+]([O-])c1cc(cc([N+]([O-])=O)c1O)[N+]([O-])=O
Properties
C6H3N3O7
Molar mass 229.10 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless to yellow solid
Density 1.763 g·cm−3, solid
Melting point 122.5 °C (252.5 °F; 395.6 K)
Boiling point > 300 °C (572 °F; 573 K) Detonates
12.7 g·L−1
Vapor pressure 1 mmHg (195 °C)[2]
Acidity (pKa) 0.38
-84.34·10−6 cm3/mol
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 explosive
GHS labelling:
GHS01: ExplosiveGHS02: FlammableGHS06: Toxic
H206, H302, H311, H331
P210, P212, P230, P233, P280, P370+P380+P375, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g. propaneInstability 4: Readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition at normal temperatures and pressures. E.g. nitroglycerinSpecial hazards (white): no code
3
4
4
Flash point 150 °C; 302 °F; 423 K[2]
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
100 mg/kg (guinea pig, oral)
250 mg/kg (cat, oral)
120 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)[3]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 0.1 mg/m3 [skin]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 0.1 mg/m3 ST 0.3 mg/m3 [skin][2]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 75 mg/m3[2]
Explosive data
Detonation velocity 7,350 m·s−1 at ρ 1.70
RE factor 1.20
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Picric acid is an organic compound with the formula (O2N)3C6H2OH. Its IUPAC name is 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP). The name "picric" comes from Greek: πικρός (pikros), meaning "bitter", due to its bitter taste. It is one of the most acidic phenols. Like other strongly nitrated organic compounds, picric acid is an explosive, which is its primary use. It has also been used as medicine (antiseptic, burn treatments) and as a dye.

  1. ^ a b Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 691. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
  2. ^ a b c d NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0515". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  3. ^ "Picric acid". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).