Pieter Neefs the Elder or Pieter Neeffs the Elder[1] (c. 1578 in Antwerp – after 1656 before 1661 in Antwerp) was a Flemish painter who specialized in architectural interiors of churches.[2] Active in Antwerp, he was influenced by the works of the Dutch architectural painters Hendrik van Steenwijk the Elder and the Younger.[3] His principal contribution to the genre were his nocturnal church interiors lit by two light sources.[4]