Pinales

Pinales
Pinus sylvestris, scots pine tree
Pinus sylvestris
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Gymnospermae
Division: Pinophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Subclass: Pinidae
Order: Pinales
Gorozh.[1][2]
Type genus
Pinus
Families

(approximate number of species in parentheses)

Synonyms

The order Pinales in the division Pinophyta, class Pinopsida, comprises all the extant conifers. The distinguishing characteristic is the reproductive structure known as a cone produced by all Pinales. All of the extant conifers, such as Araucaria, cedar, celery-pine, cypress, fir, juniper, kauri, larch, pine, redwood, spruce, and yew, are included here. Some fossil conifers, however, belong to other distinct orders within the division Pinophyta.

Multiple molecular studies indicate this order being paraphyletic with respect to Gnetales, with studies recovering Gnetales as either a sister group to Pinaceae or being more derived than Pinaceae but sister to the rest of the group.

  1. ^ Gorozhankin 1904.
  2. ^ a b Christenhusz et al 2011.
  3. ^ a b Eckenwalder 2008.
  4. ^ Gernandt et al 2011.


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