Pinworm (parasite)

This article is about the organism. For the infection, see Pinworm infection.
This article is about the nematode of the family Enterobius, known as pinworm in the US. For the different nematode known as pinworm in the rest of the world, see Strongyloides stercoralis.

Pinworm
Pinworms (U.S.)/Threadworms (U.K.) ("Enterobius vermicularis")
Pinworms (U.S.)/Threadworms (U.K.) (Enterobius vermicularis)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Nematoda
Class: Chromadorea
Order: Rhabditida
Family: Oxyuridae
Genus: Enterobius
Baird, 1853
Species

The pinworm (species Enterobius vermicularis), also known as threadworm (in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand) or seatworm, is a parasitic worm. It is a nematode (roundworm) and a common intestinal parasite or helminth, especially in humans.[7] The medical condition associated with pinworm infestation is known as pinworm infection (enterobiasis)[8] (a type of helminthiasis) or less precisely as oxyuriasis in reference to the family Oxyuridae.[9]

Other than human, Enterobius vermicularis were reported from bonnet macaque.[10] Other species seen in primates include Enterobius buckleyi in Orangutan[11] and Enterobius anthropopitheci in chimpanzee. Enterobius vermicularis is common in human children and transmitted via the faecal-oral route. Humans are the only natural host of Enterobius vermicularis.[12] Enterobius gregorii, another human species is morphologically indistinguishable from Enterobius vermicularis except the spicule size.[13] Throughout this article, the word "pinworm" refers to Enterobius. In British usage, however, pinworm refers to Strongyloides, while Enterobius is called threadworm.[14]

  1. ^ a b Hasegawa et al. 2005.
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Enterobius". NCBI taxonomy. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Registry-Migration.Gbif.Org (2022). "GBIF Backbone Taxonomy". GBIF Secretariat. doi:10.15468/39omei.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference hasegawa1998 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference hasegawa2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference totkova2003 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica.
  8. ^ Merriam-Webster: Enterobiasis
  9. ^ Merriam-Webster: Oxyuriasis
  10. ^ C.P., Arjun (October 2015). "A Study of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Bonnet Macaques (Macaca radiata) of Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala". Zoos' Print Journal. Zoo Outreach Organization. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
  11. ^ Foitová, Ivona; Civáňová, Kristína; Baruš, Vlastimil; Nurcahyo, Wisnu (1 July 2014). "Phylogenetic relationships between pinworms (Nematoda: Enterobiinae) parasitising the critically endangered orang-utan, according to the characterisation of molecular genomic and mitochondrial markers". Parasitology Research. 113 (7): 2455–2466. doi:10.1007/s00436-014-3892-y. ISSN 1432-1955. PMID 24880237. S2CID 15076891.
  12. ^ Panidis, Stavros; Paramythiotis, Daniel; Panagiotou, Dimitris; Batsis, Georgios; Salonikidis, Spyridon; Kaloutsi, Vassiliki; Michalopoulos, Antonios (1 January 2011). "Acute appendicitis secondary to Enterobius vermicularis infection in a middle-aged man: a case report". Journal of Medical Case Reports. 5: 559. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-5-559. ISSN 1752-1947. PMC 3245485. PMID 22128765.
  13. ^ CP, Arjun (October 2015). "A Study of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Bonnet Macaque ( Macaca radiata) of Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala" (PDF). Zoos' Print Journal. 10.
  14. ^ Vanderkooi 2000, p. B-152 & B-225