Piracetam

Piracetam
Clinical data
Trade names	Breinox, Dinagen, Lucetam, Nootropil, Nootropyl, Oikamid, Piracetam, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Routes of; administration	By mouth, parenteral, inhalation
ATC code	N06BX03 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only); CA: Unscheduled; UK: POM (Prescription only); US: Unapproved "New Drug" (as defined by 21 U.S. Code § 321(p)(1)). Use in dietary supplements, food, or medicine is unlawful; otherwise uncontrolled.);
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	~100%
Onset of action	Swiftly following administration. Food delays time to peak concentration by 1.5 h approximately to 2–3 h since dosing.
Elimination half-life	4–5 hours
Excretion	Urinary
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 2-(2-Oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide;
CAS Number	7491-74-9 ;
PubChem CID	4843;
IUPHAR/BPS	4288;
DrugBank	DB09210;
ChemSpider	4677 ;
UNII	ZH516LNZ10;
KEGG	D01914 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL36715 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID5044491 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.028.466
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C6H10N2O2
Molar mass	142.158 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Melting point	152 °C (306 °F)
	SMILES O=C1N(CC(=O)N)CCC1;
	InChI InChI=1S/C6H10N2O2/c7-5(9)4-8-3-1-2-6(8)10/h1-4H2,(H2,7,9) ; Key:GMZVRMREEHBGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	(verify)

Piracetam is a drug that has efficacy in cognitive disorders, vertigo, cortical myoclonus, dyslexia, and sickle cell anemia; sources differ on its usefulness for dementia.^[3]^[4]^[5] Piracetam is sold as a medication in many European countries. Sale of piracetam is not illegal in the United States, although it is not regulated nor approved by the FDA, so it is legally sold for research use only.^[6]

Piracetam is in the racetams group, with chemical name 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide. It is a cyclic derivative of the neurotransmitter GABA^[4] and shares the same 2-oxo-pyrrolidone base structure with pyroglutamic acid. Related drugs include the anticonvulsants levetiracetam and brivaracetam, and the putative nootropics aniracetam and phenylpiracetam.

^ "Piracetam". DrugBank database.
^ Leaflet of Piracetam.
^ Cite error: The named reference (eMC) 2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference Winblad2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Flicker L, Grimley Evans G (2001). "Piracetam for dementia or cognitive impairment". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2): CD001011. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001011. PMID 11405971.
^ Cohen PA, Zakharevich I, Gerona R (March 2020). "Presence of Piracetam in Cognitive Enhancement Dietary Supplements". JAMA Internal Medicine. 180 (3): 458–459. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.5507. PMC 6902196. PMID 31764936.

[drugbank-1] "Piracetam". DrugBank database.

[2] Leaflet of Piracetam.

[(eMC)_2017-3] Cite error: The named reference (eMC) 2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Winblad2005-4] Cite error: The named reference Winblad2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Flic2001-5] Flicker L, Grimley Evans G (2001). "Piracetam for dementia or cognitive impairment". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2): CD001011. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001011. PMID 11405971.

[JAMA2019-6] Cohen PA, Zakharevich I, Gerona R (March 2020). "Presence of Piracetam in Cognitive Enhancement Dietary Supplements". JAMA Internal Medicine. 180 (3): 458–459. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.5507. PMC 6902196. PMID 31764936.

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