Piscine orthoreovirus

Piscine orthoreovirus
Analysis of PRV-1 using Transmission Electron Microscopy (Scale bar 100nm).
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Duplornaviricota
Class: Resentoviricetes
Order: Reovirales
Family: Sedoreoviridae
Genus: Orthoreovirus
Species:
Piscine orthoreovirus

Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) is a species in the genus Orthoreovirus that infects fish exclusively, PRV was first discovered in 2010 in farmed Atlantic salmon exhibiting Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation (HSMI) and has been found present at higher concentration in fish with various diseases.[1] These diseases include HSMI, jaundice syndrome, proliferative darkening syndrome and erythrocytic body inclusion syndrome.[1][2][3][4] PRV is thought to mainly affect aquacultured and maricultured fish stocks, and recent research has been focused around the susceptibility of wild stock. However, whether PRV is virulent with respect to HSMI remains a topic of debate.[5] PRV has been in the public eye mostly due to a potential linkage to farmed Atlantic Salmon exhibiting HSMI.[1] Public concern has been raised regarding the possibility of open ocean-net farms transmitting PRV to wild salmon populations and being a factor in declining populations.[6] PRV has not been confirmed to be pathogenic in wild salmon stocks.

  1. ^ a b c Palacios G, Lovoll M, Tengs T, Hornig M, Hutchison S, Hui J, et al. (July 2010). "Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation of farmed salmon is associated with infection with a novel reovirus". PLOS ONE. 5 (7): e11487. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011487. PMC 2901333. PMID 20634888.
  2. ^ Takano T, Nawata A, Sakai T, Matsuyama T, Ito T, Kurita J, et al. (2016-10-27). "Full-Genome Sequencing and Confirmation of the Causative Agent of Erythrocytic Inclusion Body Syndrome in Coho Salmon Identifies a New Type of Piscine Orthoreovirus". PLOS ONE. 11 (10): e0165424. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0165424. PMC 5082797. PMID 27788206.
  3. ^ Garseth ÅH, Ekrem T, Biering E (2013-12-11). "Phylogenetic evidence of long distance dispersal and transmission of piscine reovirus (PRV) between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon". PLOS ONE. 8 (12): e82202. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082202. PMC 3859594. PMID 24349221.
  4. ^ Cartagena J, Jiménez C, Spencer E (November 2020). "Detection of Piscine orthoreoviruses (PRV-1b AND PRV-3a) in farmed Coho salmon with jaundice syndrome from Chile". Aquaculture. 528: 735480. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735480. ISSN 0044-8486. S2CID 219465755.
  5. ^ Zhang Y, Polinski MP, Morrison PR, Brauner CJ, Farrell AP, Garver KA (2019). "High-Load Reovirus Infections Do Not Imply Physiological Impairment in Salmon". Frontiers in Physiology. 10: 114. doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00114. PMC 6425399. PMID 30930782.
  6. ^ Noakes DJ, Beamish RJ, Kent ML (March 2000). "On the decline of Pacific salmon and speculative links to salmon farming in British Columbia". Aquaculture. 183 (3–4): 363–386. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(99)00294-x. ISSN 0044-8486.