Planck relation

The Planck relation^[1][2][3] (referred to as Planck's energy–frequency relation,^[4] the Planck–Einstein relation,^[5] Planck equation,^[6] and Planck formula,^[7] though the latter might also refer to Planck's law^[8][9]) is a fundamental equation in quantum mechanics which states that the energy E of a photon, known as photon energy, is proportional to its frequency ν: $${\displaystyle E=h\nu .}$$ The constant of proportionality, h, is known as the Planck constant. Several equivalent forms of the relation exist, including in terms of angular frequency ω: $${\displaystyle E=\hbar \omega ,}$$ where ${\displaystyle \hbar =h/2\pi }$. Written using the symbol f for frequency, the relation is $${\displaystyle E=hf.}$$

The relation accounts for the quantized nature of light and plays a key role in understanding phenomena such as the photoelectric effect and black-body radiation (where the related Planck postulate can be used to derive Planck's law).