Plethora is an ancient medical sign describing an excess of body fluid.[1] The excessive fluid is usually blood, and can be a sign of a number of conditions with different causes. An excess of blood may be either an excessive blood flow to an area of the body, or an increase in the volume of blood (polycythemia). Extra perfusion to the face is termed facial plethora, a hallmark sign of Cushing's syndrome.[1] Pulmonary plethora is an increased pulmonary perfusion seen on chest X-rays. A plethora of fluid in the pericardial cavity is known as pericardial effusion.