Pleurodema bibroni

Pleurodema bibroni
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Leptodactylidae
Genus: Pleurodema
Species:
P. bibroni
Binomial name
Pleurodema bibroni
Tschudi, 1838
Synonyms

Bombinator ocellatus Duméril & Bibron, 1841
Pleurodema darwinii Bell, 1843
Pleurodema granulosum Jiménez de la Espada, 1875

Pleurodema bibroni is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. Its common name is four-eyed frog,[2] although this name can also refer to the genus Pleurodema in general.[3] The common name refers to two inguinal poison glands that resemble eyes.[4] When threatened, the frog lowers its head and raises its rear. When the frog adopts this posture the poison glands are also raised toward the predator. The predator may also confuse the frog's raised posterior for the head of a larger animal.[5]

Pleurodema bibroni is found in Uruguay and southern Brazil.[2] Its natural habitats are coastal sand plains, open savannas, rocky outcrops, grasslands and open montane habitats between 0 and 900 meters above sea level.[6] Breeding takes place in temporary pools. It is a rare species that occurs in widely scattered populations. It is threatened by habitat loss caused by encroaching agriculture, human settlements, and pine plantations.[1]

It is suspected that the urbanization of some coastal areas is responsible in part for the decline of the species.[7]

  1. ^ a b Débora Silvano, Esteban Lavilla, Paulo Garcia, Jose Langone (2004). "Pleurodema bibroni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T57281A11598435. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T57281A11598435.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ a b Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Pleurodema bibroni Tschudi, 1838". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
  3. ^ Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Pleurodema Tschudi, 1838". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
  4. ^ "Species profile: four-eyed frog". Conservacion Patagonic. 2012-11-16. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
  5. ^ Duellman, William E. (1994). Biology of Amphibians. Baltimore: JHU Press. p. 670. ISBN 9780801847806.
  6. ^ Kolenc, F.; Borteiro, C.; Baldo, D.; Ferraro, D. P.; Prigioni, C. (2009). "The tadpoles and advertisement calls of Pleurodema bibroni Tschudi and Pleurodema kriegi (Müller), with notes on their geographic distribution and conservation status (Amphibia, Anura, Leiuperidae)". Zootaxa. 1969 (1969): 1–35. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1969.1.1. hdl:11336/102693.
  7. ^ Francisco Kolenc, Claudio Borteiro, Enrique M. González, Diego A. Barrasso, and Carlos Prigioni (24 May 2012). "Recent findings of the declining frog Pleurodema bibroni Tschudi, 1838 (Anura: Leiuperidae) in Uruguay" (PDF). Retrieved 28 October 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)