 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine by MSD as it is marketed in Japan. | |
| Vaccine description | |
|---|---|
| Target | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| Vaccine type | conjugate, polysaccharide |
| Clinical data | |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| Routes of administration | Intramuscular, subcutaneous injection |
| ATC code | |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
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| Identifiers | |
| ChemSpider |
|
Pneumococcal vaccines are vaccines against the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae.[1] Their use can prevent some cases of pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis.[1] There are two types of pneumococcal vaccines: conjugate vaccines and polysaccharide vaccines.[1] They are given by injection either into a muscle or just under the skin.[1]
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of the conjugate vaccine in the routine immunizations given to children.[1][2][3] This includes those with HIV/AIDS.[1] The recommended three or four doses are between 71 and 93% effective at preventing severe pneumococcal disease.[1] The polysaccharide vaccines, while effective in healthy adults, are not effective in children less than two years old or those with poor immune function.[1][4]
These vaccines are generally safe.[1] With the conjugate vaccine about 10% of babies develop redness at the site of injection, fever, or change in sleep.[1] Severe allergies are very rare.[1]
Whole cell vaccinations were developed alongside characterisation of the subtypes of pneumococcus from the early 1900s.[5]
The first pneumococcal vaccine was developed in the 1980s.[1] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[6]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l World Health Organization (April 2012). "Pneumococcal vaccines WHO position paper--2012". Weekly Epidemiological Record. 87 (14): 129–144. hdl:10665/241904. PMID 24340399.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). "Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in infants and children under 5 years of age: WHO position paper --February 2019". Weekly Epidemiological Record. 94 (8): 85–103. hdl:10665/310970.
- ^ World Health Organization (2021). "Pneumococcal vaccines: WHO position paper on their use in community outbreak settings". Weekly Epidemiological Record. 96 (13): 105–110. hdl:10665/340536.
- ^ World Health Organization (2008). "23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine : WHO position paper". Weekly Epidemiological Record. 83 (42): 373–384. hdl:10665/241217.
- ^ Grabenstein JD, Klugman KP (October 2012). "A century of pneumococcal vaccination research in humans". Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 18 (Suppl 5): 15–24. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03943.x. PMID 22882735. S2CID 25558809.
- ^ World Health Organization (2023). The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/371090. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.