Podocarpaceae

Podocarpaceae
Temporal range: Middle Jurassic–present
Podocarpus elatus Illawarra Plum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Gymnospermae
Division: Pinophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Order: Araucariales
Family: Podocarpaceae
Endl.
Genera

See text

Synonyms
  • Acmopylaceae Melikian & Bobrov 1997
  • Bracteocarpaceae Melikian & Bobrov 2000
  • Dacrycarpaceae Melikian & Bobrov 2000
  • Dacrydiaceae Bobrov & Melikian 2000
  • Falcatifoliaceae Melikian & Bobrov 2000
  • Halocarpaceae Melikian & Bobrov 2000
  • Lepidothamnaceae Melikian & Bobrov 2000
  • Microcachrydaceae Doweld & Reveal 1999
  • Microstrobaceae Doweld & Reveal 2001
  • Nageiaceae Fu 1992
  • Parasitaxaceae Melikian & Bobrov 2000
  • Pherosphaeraceae Nakai 1938
  • Phyllocladaceae Bessey 1907
  • Prumnopityaceae Melikian & Bobrov 2000
  • Saxegothaeaceae Gaussen ex Doweld & Reveal 1999

Podocarpaceae is a large family of mainly Southern Hemisphere conifers, known in English as podocarps, comprising about 156 species of evergreen trees and shrubs.[1] It contains 19 genera if Phyllocladus is included and Manoao and Sundacarpus are recognized. The family achieved its maximum diversity in the Cenozoic, making the Podocarpaceae family one of the most diverse in the southern hemisphere.

The family is a classic member of the Antarctic flora, with its main centres of diversity in Australasia, particularly New Caledonia, Tasmania, and New Zealand, and to a slightly lesser extent Malesia and South America (primarily in the Andes Mountains). Several genera extend north of the equator into Indochina and the Philippines. Podocarpus reaches as far north as southern Japan and southern China in Asia, and Mexico in the Americas, and Nageia into southern China and southern India. Two genera also occur in sub-Saharan Africa, the widespread Podocarpus and the endemic Afrocarpus.

Parasitaxus usta is unique as the only known parasitic gymnosperm. It occurs on New Caledonia, where it is parasitic on another member of the Podocarpaceae, Falcatifolium taxoides.[2]

The genus Phyllocladus is sister to the Podocarpaceae sensu stricto.[2] It is treated by some botanists in its own family, the Phyllocladaceae.[3]

  1. ^ James E. Eckenwalder. 2009. Conifers of the World. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. ISBN 978-0-88192-974-4.
  2. ^ a b William T. Sinclair, R. R. Mill, M. F. Gardner, P. Woltz, T. Jaffré, J. Preston, M. L. Hollingsworth, A. Ponge, and M. Möller. 2002. "Evolutionary relationships of the New Caledonian heterotrophic conifer, Parasitaxis usta (Podocarpaceae), inferred from chloroplast trnL-F intron/spacer and nuclear rDNA ITS2 sequences". Plant Systematics and Evolution 233 (1–2): 79–104. doi:10.1007/s00606-002-0199-8
  3. ^ Christopher N. Page. 1990. "Phyllocladaceae" pages 317–319. In: Klaus Kubitzki (general editor); Karl U. Kramer and Peter S. Green (volume editors) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants volume I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-0-387-51794-0