Poetics (Aristotle)

This article is about the treatise by Aristotle. For the theory of literary forms and discourse, see Poetics. For other uses, see Poetics (disambiguation).

Aristotle's Poetics (Greek: Περὶ ποιητικῆς Peri poietikês; Latin: De Poetica;[1] c. 335 BCE[2]) is the earliest surviving work of Greek dramatic theory and the first extant philosophical treatise to focus on literary theory.[3]: ix  In this text Aristotle offers an account of ποιητική, which refers to poetry and more literally "the poetic art," deriving from the term for "poet; author; maker," ποιητής. Aristotle divides the art of poetry into verse drama (comedy, tragedy, and the satyr play), lyric poetry, and epic. The genres all share the function of mimesis, or imitation of life, but differ in three ways that Aristotle describes:

  1. Differences in music rhythm, harmony, meter, and melody.
  2. Difference of goodness in the characters.
  3. Difference in how the narrative is presented: telling a story or acting it out.

The surviving book of Poetics is primarily concerned with drama; the analysis of tragedy constitutes the core of the discussion.[4][5]

Although the text is universally acknowledged in the Western critical tradition, "almost every detail about [t]his seminal work has aroused divergent opinions."[6] Of scholarly debates on the Poetics, four have been most prominent. These include the meanings of catharsis and hamartia, the Classical unities, and the question why Aristotle appears to contradict himself between chapters 13 and 14.[7]

  1. ^ Aristotelis Opera. Vol. XI. Translated by Bekker, August Immanuel. 1837.
  2. ^ Dukore, Bernard F. (1974). Dramatic Theory and Criticism: Greeks to Grotowski. Florence, Ky.: Heinle & Heinle. p. 31. ISBN 0-03-091152-4.
  3. ^ Aristotle (1987). Aristotle: Poetics, with Tractatus Coislinianus, Reconstruction of Poetics II, and the Fragments of the On the Poets. Translated by Janko, Richard. London: Hackett.
  4. ^ Aristotle Poetics 1447a13 (1987, 1).
  5. ^ Battin, M. Pabst (1974). "Aristotle's Definition of Tragedy in the Poetics". The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism. 33 (2): 155–170. doi:10.2307/429084. ISSN 0021-8529. JSTOR 429084.
  6. ^ Carlson, Marvin A. (1993). Theories of the Theatre: A Historical and Critical Survey from the Greeks to the Present. Cornell University Press. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-8014-8154-3.
  7. ^ Moles, John (1979). "Notes on Aristotle, Poetics 13 and 14". The Classical Quarterly. 29 (1): 77–94. doi:10.1017/S0009838800035187. JSTOR 638607. S2CID 170390939.