Polański (Polish pronunciation: [pɔˈlaɲski], feminine: Polańska; plural: Polańscy) is a Polish surname. It may refer to:
- Aleksandra Polańska (born 2000), Polish swimmer
- Eugen Polanski (born 1986), Polish-German footballer
- Gabriela Polańska (born 1988), Polish volleyball player
- Henriette Brossin de Polanska (1878–1954), French painter
- John Polanski (1918–1956), American football player
- Łukasz Polański (born 1989), Polish volleyball player
- Roman Polanski (born 1933), French-Polish film director
- Polaris P. Polanski, an alias adopted by Byakuya Togami in the novel trilogy Danganronpa: Togami, by Yuya Sato
- Zack Polanski, deputy leader of the Green Party of England and Wales