Politeness theory

Politeness theory, proposed by Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson, centers on the notion of politeness, construed as efforts to redress the affronts to a person's self-esteems or face (as in "save face" or "lose face") in social interactions.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Notable concepts include positive and negative face, the face threatening act (FTA), strategies surrounding FTAs and factors influencing the choices of strategies.

Though Brown and Levinson proposed their model as universally applicable,[9][3] their theory has been challenged by other scholars both theoretically and with respect to its cross-cultural applicability.[10][11][12][3][4]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Foley was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Metts, Sandra (2009). "Facework". Encyclopedia of Human Relationships: Vol. 1-. Encyclopedia of Human Relationships. SAGE Publications, Inc. doi:10.4135/9781412958479.n190. ISBN 9781412958462.
  3. ^ a b c Henningsen, Mary L. M. (2017). Politeness Theory. doi:10.4135/9781483381411. hdl:10356/165157. ISBN 9781483381435.
  4. ^ a b Spencer-Oatey, Helen (2008). Culturally Speaking: Culture, Communication and Politeness Theory-Continuum. New York: Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 978-08264-9310-1.
  5. ^ NetCommons (2018-12-30). "長崎外大リポジトリ". The Journal of Nagasaki University of Foreign Studies (in Japanese) (22): 43–52. ISSN 1346-4981.
  6. ^ Kawai, Maho (August 2013). THE APPLICATION OF POLITENESS THEORY INTO ENGLISH EDUCATION IN JAPAN (PDF) (Thesis). Linköping University.
  7. ^ Guan, Xiaowen; Lee, Hye Eun (May 2017). "Fight and flight: A multilevel analysis of facework strategies in intercultural face-threatening acts". International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 58: 69–81. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2017.04.008. ISSN 0147-1767.
  8. ^ Bouchara, Abdelaziz (2009). Politeness in Shakespeare: Applying Brown and Levinson´s Politeness Theory to Shakespeare's Comedies. Hamburg: Diplomica Verlag.
  9. ^ Armaşu, Veronica-Diana (2012). "Modern Approaches to Politeness Theory. A Cultural Context". Lingua. Language and Culture.
  10. ^ Mills, Sara. 2003. Gender and Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  11. ^ Eckert, Penelope; McConnell-Ginet, Sally (2013). Language and Gender. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-02905-7.
  12. ^ 村田, 和代 ムラタ, カズヨ MURATA, Kazuyo (2008-01-31). Politeness Theory : Its Trend and Development. 龍谷大学龍谷紀要編集会. OCLC 948157744.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)