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The political philosophy of Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) favoured a classical republican approach.[1][2] In Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch (1795), Kant listed several conditions that he thought necessary for ending wars and creating a lasting peace. They included a world of constitutional republics by establishment of political community.[3] His classical republican theory was extended in Doctrine of Right (1797), the first part of Metaphysics of Morals.[4] At the end of the 20th century Kant's political philosophy had been enjoying a remarkable renaissance in English-speaking countries with more major studies in a few years than had appeared in the preceding many decades.[5]