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Politics of Hungary Magyarország politikája | |
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| Polity type | Unitary parliamentary republic Hybrid regime |
| Constitution | Constitution of Hungary (2011) |
| Formation | 23 October 1989 (Third Hungarian Republic)1 January 2012 (current constitution entered into force) |
| Legislative branch | |
| Name | National Assembly |
| Type | Unicameral |
| Meeting place | Hungarian Parliament Building |
| Presiding officer | László Kövér, President of the National Assembly of Hungary |
| Appointer | Partially parallel, partially compensatory voting: 106 FPTP seats, 93 PR seats with 5% electoral threshold (D'Hondt method) |
| Executive branch | |
| Head of state | |
| Title | President |
| Currently | Tamás Sulyok |
| Appointer | National Assembly |
| Head of government | |
| Title | Prime Minister |
| Currently | Viktor Orbán |
| Appointer | National Assembly |
| Cabinet | |
| Name | Government of Hungary |
| Current cabinet | Fifth Orbán Government |
| Leader | Prime Minister |
| Deputy leader | Zsolt Semjén, Deputy Prime Minister |
| Appointer | National Assembly |
| Headquarters | Carmelite Monastery of Buda |
| Ministries | 15 |
| Judicial branch | |
| Constitutional Court of Hungary | |
| Chief judge | Barnabás Lenkovics |
| Seat | 1015 Budapest, Donáti utca, 35-45. |
| Curia of Hungary | |
| Chief judge | András Baka |
| Seat | 1055 Budapest, Markó utca 16. |
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The politics of Hungary takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic. The prime minister is the head of government of a pluriform multi-party system, while the president is the head of state and holds a largely ceremonial position. As of 2024, The country is considered "no longer a full democracy" by the EU, and is generally said to have democratically backslid since 2010 when the Fidesz–KDNP Party Alliance led by Viktor Orbán won a two-third parliamentary supermajority and adopted a new constitution of Hungary that have both remained in place since.[1]
Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the parliament. The party system since the last elections has been dominated by the conservative Fidesz. The three larger oppositions are Democratic Coalition (DK), Momentum and Jobbik; there are also opposition parties with a small fraction in parliament (e.g. Politics Can Be Different). The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
Hungary is an independent state, which has been a member of the European Union since 2004. Since 1989 Hungary has been a parliamentary republic. Legislative power is exercised by the unicameral National Assembly that consists of 199 members. Members of the National Assembly are elected for four years.
In the April 2022 election, Prime Minister Viktor Orbán won a fourth consecutive term in office. His party, Fidesz, secured another two-thirds majority in parliament.[2]
- ^ Bakke, Elisabeth; Sitter, Nick (March 2022). "The EU's Enfants Terribles: Democratic Backsliding in Central Europe since 2010". Perspectives on Politics. 20 (1): 22–37. doi:10.1017/S1537592720001292. hdl:20.500.14018/13797. ISSN 1537-5927.
- ^ Dougall, David Mac; Palfi, Rita (3 April 2022). "Key Takeaways as Viktor Orbán Wins Fourth Consecutive Term". Euronews. Retrieved 7 May 2022.