Politics of Romania Politica României | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Polity type | Unitary semi-presidential republic |
| Constitution | Constitution of Romania (1991) |
| Legislative branch | |
| Name | Parliament |
| Type | Bicameral |
| Meeting place | Palace of the Parliament |
| Upper house | |
| Name | Senate |
| Presiding officer | Nicolae Ciucă, President of the Senate |
| Lower house | |
| Name | Chamber of Deputies |
| Presiding officer | Daniel Suciu, President of the Chamber of Deputies |
| Executive branch | |
| Head of state | |
| Title | President |
| Currently | Klaus Iohannis |
| Appointer | Direct popular vote |
| Head of government | |
| Title | Prime Minister |
| Currently | Marcel Ciolacu |
| Appointer | President |
| Cabinet | |
| Name | Government of Romania |
| Current cabinet | Ciolacu Cabinet |
| Leader | Prime Minister |
| Deputy leader | Deputy Prime Minister |
| Appointer | President |
| Headquarters | Victoria Palace |
| Ministries | 18 |
| Judicial branch | |
| Name | Judiciary of Romania |
| High Court of Cassation and Justice | |
| Chief judge | Corina Corbu |
| Constitutional Court | |
| Part of the Politics series |
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 Politics portal |
Romania's political framework is a semi-presidential representative democratic republic where the Prime Minister is the head of government while the President, according to the constitution, has a more symbolic role, is responsible for the foreign policy, signs certain decrees, approves laws promulgated by the parliament, and nominates the head of government (i.e. Prime Minister). Romania has a democratic, multi-party system, with legislative power vested in the government and the two chambers of the Parliament, more specifically the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. From 1948 until 1989, the communist rule political structure took place in the framework of a one-party socialist republic governed by the Romanian Communist Party (PCR) as its only legal party.
Romania's 1991 constitution (amended in 2003) proclaims it a democratic and social republic, deriving its sovereignty from the people. According to the constitution, "Human dignity, civic rights and freedoms, the unhindered development of human personality, justice, and political pluralism are supreme and guaranteed values."
The constitution provides for a President, a Parliament, a Constitutional Court, and a separate court system which includes the High Court of Cassation and Justice. The right to vote is granted to all citizens over 18 years of age.
The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Romania as a "flawed democracy" in 2023.[1]
- ^ "Democracy Index 2023". Economist Intelligence Unit. Retrieved 5 July 2024.