Politics of Rwanda | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Polity type | De facto: one-party state Nominally unitary dominant-party semi-presidential constitutional republic |
| Constitution | Constitution of Rwanda |
| Legislative branch | |
| Name | Parliament |
| Type | Bicameral |
| Upper house | |
| Name | Senate |
| Presiding officer | Augustin Iyamuremye, Speaker of the Senate |
| Lower house | |
| Name | Chamber of Deputies |
| Presiding officer | Donatille Mukabalisa, Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies |
| Executive branch | |
| Head of state | |
| Title | President of Rwanda |
| Currently | Paul Kagame |
| Appointer | Direct popular vote |
| Head of government | |
| Title | Prime Minister |
| Currently | Édouard Ngirente |
| Appointer | President |
| Cabinet | |
| Name | Cabinet of Rwanda |
| Current cabinet | Kagame government |
| Leader | President |
| Deputy leader | Prime Minister |
| Appointer | President |
| Judicial branch | |
| Supreme Court of Rwanda | |
| Chief judge | Faustin Ntezilyayo |
|
|---|
Rwanda is a de facto one-party state[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] ruled by the Rwandan Patriotic Front and its leader Paul Kagame since the end of the 1994 genocide against members of the Tutsi ethnic group.[8][9][10] Although Rwanda is nominally democratic, elections are manipulated in various ways, which include banning opposition parties, arresting or assassinating critics, and electoral fraud.[11]
Rwandan law developed from Belgian and German civil law systems[12] and customary law takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential republic, whereby the President of Rwanda is the head of state with significant executive power, with the Prime Minister of Rwanda being the constitutional head of government.
Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. On 5 May 1995, the Transitional National Assembly adopted a new constitution which included elements of the constitution of 18 June 1991 as well as provisions of the 1993 Arusha peace accord and the November 1994 multiparty protocol of understanding.
- ^ Holmes, Georgina (2014). "Gendering the Rwanda Defence Force: A Critical Assessment". Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding. 8 (4): 321–333. doi:10.1080/17502977.2014.964449. S2CID 144474675.
- ^ Thomson, Susan (2018). Rwanda: From Genocide to Precarious Peace. Yale University Press. p. 185. ISBN 978-0-300-23591-3.
- ^ Ph.D, Joseph Sebarenzi; Twagiramungu, Noel (8 April 2019). "Rwanda's economic growth could be derailed by its autocratic regime". The Conversation. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
- ^ Waldorf, Lars (2005). "Rwanda's failing experiment in restorative justice". Handbook of Restorative Justice. Routledge. p. ?. ISBN 978-0-203-34682-2.
- ^ Beswick, Danielle (2011). "Aiding State Building and Sacrificing Peace Building? The Rwanda–UK relationship 1994–2011". Third World Quarterly. 32 (10): 1911–1930. doi:10.1080/01436597.2011.610593. S2CID 153404360.
- ^ Bowman, Warigia (2015). Four. Imagining a Modern Rwanda: Sociotechnological Imaginaries, Information Technology, and the Postgenocide State. University of Chicago Press. p. 87. doi:10.7208/9780226276663-004 (inactive 1 November 2024). ISBN 978-0-226-27666-3.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link) - ^ Reyntjens, Filip (2011). "Behind the Façade of Rwanda's Elections". Georgetown Journal of International Affairs. 12 (2): 64–69. ISSN 1526-0054. JSTOR 43133887.
- ^ "Outreach Programme on the Rwanda Genocide and the United Nations". www.un.org. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ Stroh, Alexander (2010). "Electoral rules of the authoritarian game: undemocratic effects of proportional representation in Rwanda". Journal of Eastern African Studies. 4 (1): 1–19. doi:10.1080/17531050903550066. S2CID 154910536.
- ^ Matfess, Hilary (2015). "Rwanda and Ethiopia: Developmental Authoritarianism and the New Politics of African Strong Men". African Studies Review. 58 (2): 181–204. doi:10.1017/asr.2015.43. S2CID 143013060.
- ^ Waldorf, Lars (2017). "The Apotheosis of a Warlord: Paul Kagame". In Themnér, Anders (ed.). Warlord Democrats in Africa: Ex-Military Leaders and Electoral Politics (PDF). Bloomsbury Academic / Nordic Africa Institute. ISBN 978-1-78360-248-3.
- ^ "Politics in Rwanda | About Rwanda". www.aboutrwanda.com. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2015.