Pollenia rudis

Pollenia rudis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Superfamily: Oestroidea
Family: Polleniidae
Genus: Pollenia
Species:
P. rudis
Binomial name
Pollenia rudis
(Fabricius, 1794)[1]
Synonyms

Pollenia rudis, the common cluster fly, is a species of fly in the family Polleniidae.[2] Pollenia rudis is also known as the attic fly,[3][4][5] the loft fly,[2] pollenie du lombric [French],[6] and the buckwheat fly.[4][5] During the autumn and winter months, Pollenia rudis can be found overwintering inside attics or lofts. This sluggish species can be found “clustering” near the interior windows of a warm structure.[4][7][8]

This species is widely distributed throughout the United States, Canada, and Europe and is considered a pest species in structures.[3] P. rudis can be found wherever their host earthworm, the Allolobophora[3][9][10][11] genera (also known by the genus name: Aporrectodea), occurs. These earthworms are typically located in well-drained, silt-loam soil with grass cover.[11][12] During the summer, P. rudis can be found in fields and open areas.[9] It is only when there is a sudden drop in temperature[9] that the cluster fly shifts to the interior of structures, holes in trees, loose bark, or other crevices and cavities.[12]

  1. ^ a b Fabricius, J.C. (1794). Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta. Vol. 4. Hafniae [=Copenhagen]: C. G. Proft. pp. [6] + 472 + [5] pp.
  2. ^ a b Capinera, John; Heath, Allen. “Cluster Fly, Pollenia rudis (Fabricius) and P. pseudorudis Rognes (Diptera: Calliphoridae) ” Encyclopedia of Entomology: Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008. pg 932-935
  3. ^ a b c Ridge, Gale E. "Cluster Flies Pollenia rudis (Fabricius) The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station 2007-04-06 http://www.ct.gov/CAES/cwp/view.asp?a=2815&q=376718 Retrieved on 2009-03-17.
  4. ^ a b c "Cluster Flies" Cornell Cooperative Extension Nassau County 2003-01 "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-28. Retrieved 2009-03-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Retrieved on 2009-03-17.
  5. ^ a b Lyon, William F. "Cluster and Face Flies" Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet "Cluster and Face Flies, HYG-2110-94". Archived from the original on 2009-01-31. Retrieved 2009-03-24. Retrieved on 2009-03-17.
  6. ^ "Pollenia rudis (Fabricius, 1794" ITIS Report 2003 https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=151647 Retrieved on 2009-03-17.
  7. ^ Howard, Leland O. “An Account of its Dangerous Activities and the Means of Destroying it” The House Fly – Disease Carrier, 1911. pg 236-240.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference eleventh was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference thirteen was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference third was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ a b "Cluster Fly" Varment Guard 2007 http://www.varmentguard.com/pestlibrary/CLUSTER%20FLY.pdf Retrieved on 2009-03-17.
  12. ^ a b Dille, James F.; Kirby, Clay A. "Cluster Flies" The University of Maine Pest Management 2008-19-08http://pmo.umext.maine.edu/factsht/cluster.htm Retrieved on 2009-03-17.