Polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory

In chemistry the polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory (PSEPT) provides electron counting rules useful for predicting the structures of clusters such as borane and carborane clusters. The electron counting rules were originally formulated by Kenneth Wade,[1] and were further developed by others including Michael Mingos;[2] they are sometimes known as Wade's rules or the Wade–Mingos rules.[3] The rules are based on a molecular orbital treatment of the bonding.[4][5][6][7] These rules have been extended and unified in the form of the Jemmis mno rules.[8][9]

  1. ^ Wade, K. (1971). "The structural significance of the number of skeletal bonding electron-pairs in carboranes, the higher boranes and borane anions, and various transition-metal carbonyl cluster compounds". J. Chem. Soc. D. 1971 (15): 792–793. doi:10.1039/C29710000792.
  2. ^ Mingos, D. M. P. (1972). "A General Theory for Cluster and Ring Compounds of the Main Group and Transition Elements". Nature Physical Science. 236 (68): 99–102. Bibcode:1972NPhS..236...99M. doi:10.1038/physci236099a0.
  3. ^ Welch, Alan J. (2013). "The significance and impact of Wade's rules". Chem. Commun. 49 (35): 3615–3616. doi:10.1039/C3CC00069A. PMID 23535980.
  4. ^ Wade, K. (1976). "Structural and Bonding Patterns in Cluster Chemistry". Adv. Inorg. Chem. Radiochem. Advances in Inorganic Chemistry and Radiochemistry. 18: 1–66. doi:10.1016/S0065-2792(08)60027-8. ISBN 9780120236183.
  5. ^ Girolami, G. (Fall 2008). "Lecture notes distributed at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) These notes contained original material that served as the basis of the sections on the 4n, 5n, and 6n rules.
  6. ^ Gilespie, R. J. (1979). "Nyholm Memorial Lectures". Chem. Soc. Rev. 8 (3): 315–352. doi:10.1039/CS9790800315.
  7. ^ Mingos, D. M. P. (1984). "Polyhedral Skeletal Electron Pair Approach". Acc. Chem. Res. 17 (9): 311–319. doi:10.1021/ar00105a003.
  8. ^ Jemmis, Eluvathingal D.; Balakrishnarajan, Musiri M.; Pancharatna, Pattath D. (2001). "A Unifying Electron-counting rule for Macropolyhedral Boranes, Metallaboranes, and Metallocenes". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123 (18): 4313–4323. doi:10.1021/ja003233z. PMID 11457198.
  9. ^ Jemmis, Eluvathingal D.; Balakrishnarajan, Musiri M.; Pancharatna, Pattath D. (2002). "Electronic Requirements for Macropolyhedral Boranes". Chem. Rev. 102 (1): 93–144. doi:10.1021/cr990356x. PMID 11782130.