Pontianak
Khuntien | |
|---|---|
| City of Pontianak Kota Pontianak | |
| Other transcription(s) | |
| • Jawi | ڤونتيانق |
| • Chinese | 坤甸 (Hanzi) Kūn diān (Pinyin) Kung¹ diêng⁶ (Peng'im) Khun-tîen (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ) |
Mujahidin Grand Mosque Saint Joseph's Cathedral Equator Pontianak Monument A traditional Malay house Kwam Im temple | |
 Flag  Seal | |
| Nickname(s): Equatorial City, Kuntilanak City | |
| Motto: Pontianak Bersinar (Pontianak Shines) | |
 Location within West Kalimantan | |
  Pontianak Location in Kalimantan and Indonesia  Pontianak Pontianak (Indonesia) | |
| Coordinates: 00°01′14″S 109°20′29″E / 0.02056°S 109.34139°E | |
| Country |  Indonesia |
| Region | Kalimantan |
| Province |  West Kalimantan |
| Founded by the Sultanate of Pontianak | 23 October 1771 |
| Settled by the Dutch | 5 July 1779 |
| Granted municipality status | 1953 |
| Granted city status | 31 December 1965 |
| Government | |
| • Type | City Government |
| • Mayor | Ani Sofian (acting) |
| • Vice Mayor | Vacant |
| Area | |
• City of Pontianak | 118.21 km2 (45.64 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1 m (3 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 1.5 m (4.9 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 0.8 m (2.6 ft) |
| Population (mid 2023 estimate)[1] | |
• City of Pontianak | 675,468 |
| • Density | 5,700/km2 (15,000/sq mi) |
| • Demonym | Pontianakian |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (IWST) |
| Area code | (+62) 561 |
| Vehicle registration | KB |
| HDI (2019) |  0.794 (High)[2] |
| Website | pontianakkota |
| Pontianak | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese | 坤甸 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | (Malay) a meaning "Pontianak (ghost)" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Malay name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Malay | Pontianak (Rumi) ڤونتيانق (Jawi) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pontianak, also known as Khuntien in Hakka, is the capital of the Indonesian province of West Kalimantan, founded first as a trading port on the island of Borneo, occupying an area of 118.21 km2 in the delta of the Kapuas River, at a point where it is joined by its major tributary, the Landak River. The city is on the equator, hence it is widely known as Kota Khatulistiwa (Equatorial City). The city center is less than 3 kilometres (2 mi) south of the equator. Pontianak is the 23rd most populous city in Indonesia (as at 2023), and the fourth most populous city on the island of Borneo (Kalimantan) after Samarinda, Balikpapan and (Malaysia's) Kuching; it is now slightly ahead of Banjarmasin.[3] It had a population of 658,685 at the 2020 Census[4] within the city limits, with significant suburbs outside those limits. The official estimate as of mid-2023 was 675,468 (comprising 337,856 males and 337,612 females).[1]
The city was founded as a small Malay fishing village at the mouth of the Kapuas River. It then became the seat of the Pontianak Sultanate for several centuries. Pontianak was then incorporated into the Dutch East Indies after an agreement between the Pontianak Sultanate and the Dutch Government. During the colonial era, Pontianak was the seat of the Residentie Westerafdeeling van Borneo, one of the residencies of the Dutch East Indies.
When the Japanese occupied the Dutch East Indies, Pontianak became the site of the Pontianak massacre, in which many Malay aristocrats and sultans as well as people from other ethnic groups (Particularly high profile Arabs and Chinese) were massacred by the Imperial Japanese Navy, especially in the Massacre of Mandor (Holocaust of Mandor).
After the Japanese surrendered, Pontianak became part of the Republic of Indonesia and was designated as the capital city of the province of West Kalimantan.
Pontianak is a multicultural city, as different ethnic groups such as the Dayak, Malay, Bugis people, and Chinese live in the city, with some immigrants such as Javanese, Madura people, Bataks, Ambon people, Papuans, and Manado people. This has created a culture that cannot be found in other parts of Indonesia.[citation needed] Various languages are spoken in Pontianak, such as Pontianak Malay, Dayak language and different dialects of Chinese and some varieties of Malays, Dayaks, Javanese, Bataks, and Bugis.
Pontianak is connected by air to other cities of Indonesia as well as some cities in Malaysia such as Kuala Lumpur and Kuching. Connected with the Supadio International Airport. Well paved roads of the Trans Kalimantan Road connect Pontianak to all Cities in the Kalimantan, such as Palangkaraya, Banjarmasin, Balikpapan, Samarinda, and Tanjung Selor. other towns also connected in the Province of West Kalimantan, such as Ketapang, Singkawang, Sintang, etc., as well as other provinces. As Pontianak lies on the Trans Kalimantan Highway, it is possible to travel to East Malaysia and Brunei by land using the Trans Kalimantan Highway. Several bus routes operate from Pontianak to Kuching in Malaysia and Bandar Seri Begawan in Brunei Darussalam.
- ^ a b Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, Kota Pontianak Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.6171)
- ^ "Data Kota Pontianak 2018 (Metode Baru)". ipm.bps.go.id. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
- ^ Omed, Kata (25 May 2020). "Daftar 10 Kota Besar di Kalimantan". KATA OMED. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
- ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.