John XXII | |
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Bishop of Rome | |
Church | Catholic Church |
Papacy began | 7 August 1316 |
Papacy ended | 4 December 1334 |
Predecessor | Clement V |
Successor | Benedict XII |
Orders | |
Created cardinal | 23 December 1312 by Clement V |
Personal details | |
Born | Jacques Duèze or d'Euse c. 1244 |
Died | 4 December 1334 Avignon, Comtat Venaissin, Papal States | (aged 89–90)
Coat of arms | |
Other popes named John |
Papal styles of Pope John XXII | |
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Reference style | His Holiness |
Spoken style | Thine Holiness |
Religious style | Holy Father |
Posthumous style | None |
Pope John XXII (Latin: Ioannes PP. XXII; 1244 – 4 December 1334), born Jacques Duèze (or d'Euse), was head of the Catholic Church from 7 August 1316 to his death, in December 1334. He was the second and longest-reigning Avignon Pope, elected by the Conclave of Cardinals, which was assembled in Lyon. Like his predecessor, Clement V, Pope John centralized power and income in the Papacy and lived a princely life in Avignon.
John opposed the policies of Louis IV the Bavarian as Holy Roman Emperor, which prompted Louis to invade Italy and set up an antipope, Nicholas V. John also opposed the Franciscan understanding of the poverty of Christ and his apostles, promulgating multiple papal bulls to enforce his views. This led William of Ockham to write against unlimited papal power.
Following a three-year process, John canonized Thomas Aquinas on 18 July 1323.
One of John’s sermons, on the beatific vision, caused controversy which lasted until he retracted his views just before his death. John died in Avignon on 4 December 1334.