Pius IX | |
|---|---|
| Bishop of Rome | |
 Pius IX in 1875 | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Papacy began | 16 June 1846 |
| Papacy ended | 7 February 1878 |
| Predecessor | Gregory XVI |
| Successor | Leo XIII |
| Previous post(s) |
|
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 10 April 1819 by Fabrizio Sceberras Testaferrata |
| Consecration | 3 June 1827 by Francesco Saverio Castiglioni |
| Created cardinal |
by Gregory XVI |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti 13 May 1792 Senigallia, Marche, Papal States |
| Died | 7 February 1878 (aged 85) Apostolic Palace, Vatican City, Kingdom of Italy |
| Motto | Crux de Cruce[1] |
| Signature |  |
| Coat of arms |  |
| Sainthood | |
| Feast day | 7 February |
| Venerated in | Catholic Church |
| Title as Saint | Blessed |
| Beatified | 3 September 2000 Saint Peter's Square, Vatican City by Pope John Paul II |
| Attributes | |
| Patronage |
|
| Shrines | San Lorenzo fuori le mura |
| Other popes named Pius | |
Pope Pius IX (Italian: Pio IX, Pio Nono; born Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti;[a] 13 May 1792 – 7 February 1878) was head of the Catholic Church from 1846 to 1878. His reign of nearly 32 years is the longest of any pope in history. He was notable for convoking the First Vatican Council in 1868 and for permanently losing control of the Papal States in 1870 to the Kingdom of Italy. Thereafter, he refused to leave Vatican City, declaring himself a "prisoner in the Vatican".
At the time of his election, some considered him liberal, but no longer after the Revolutions of 1848. Upon the assassination of his prime minister, Pellegrino Rossi, Pius fled Rome and excommunicated all participants in the short-lived Roman Republic. After its suppression by the French army and his return in 1850, his policies and doctrinal pronouncements became increasingly conservative. He was responsible for the kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara, a six-year-old taken by force from his Jewish family who went on to become a Catholic priest in his own right and unsuccessfully attempted to convert his Jewish parents.
In his 1849 encyclical Ubi primum, he emphasized Mary's role in salvation. In 1854, he promulgated the dogma of the Immaculate Conception, articulating a long-held Catholic belief that Mary, the Mother of God, was conceived without original sin. His 1864 Syllabus of Errors was a strong condemnation of liberalism, modernism, moral relativism, secularization, separation of church and state, and other Enlightenment ideas. Pius reaffirmed Catholic teaching in favor of making the Catholic faith the state religion where possible.[citation needed]
His appeal for financial support revived global donations known as Peter's Pence. He strengthened the central power of the Holy See and Roman Curia over the worldwide Catholic Church, while also formalizing the pope's ultimate doctrinal authority (the dogma of papal infallibility defined in 1870). Pope John Paul II beatified him in 2000.
- ^ EWTN Global Catholic Television Network (ed.). "Pius IX Revisited: 1878–1978 | EWTN". Retrieved 29 August 2021.
- ^ "Il Seminario Pio di Roma e la Diocesi di Senigallia (in Italian)". Papa Pio IX. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
- ^ a b "Cause of Beatification (in Italian)". Papa Pio IX. 2000. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
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