Porbandar stone is the miliolite limestone found in the carbonate rocks of Saurashtra region in Gujarat, India.[1][2] During the British Raj, the stone was extensively used in many public buildings of Bombay (now Mumbai), including the Victoria Terminus, Knesset Eliyahoo synagogue, Bombay High Court and Crawford Market.[3][4][5]
The name derives from the port city of Porbandar from where it was shipped to Bombay and other cities, and does not refer to the stone quarried in the city itself; there have been instances of the city stone, considered inferior to the original, being passed off as the genuine 'Porbandar' stone.[6] In addition to Bombay, the stone also appears in prominent buildings of Madras and Cochin.[7] The stone was highly prized by sculptors and architects, and during 1917-18 around 32,420 tonnes was sent outside the state to Calcutta, Madras, Karachi and Rangoon.[8]
- ^ Chapman, Frederick (1 February 1900). "Notes on the Consolidated Æolian Sands of Kathiawar". Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society. 56 (1–4): 584–589. doi:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1900.056.01-04.32. S2CID 140196559 – via jgs.lyellcollection.org.
- ^ India, Geological Survey of (28 June 1885). "Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India". order of the Government of India. – via Google Books.
- ^ Survey of India 1921, p. 265: "...while the foraminiferal stone in Kathiawar is extensively used in Bombay and Karachi"
- ^ Murray (Firm), John; Eastwick, Edward Backhouse (28 June 1881). "Handbook of the Bombay Presidency: With an Account of Bombay City". John Murray – via Google Books.
- ^ "Nomination documents" (PDF). whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
- ^ India, Geological Survey of (28 June 1885). "Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India". order of the Government of India. – via Google Books.
- ^ Lele, V. S. (1988). "Quaternary Formations in the Bhadar Valley-Western India". Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute. 47/48: 165–205. JSTOR 42930225.
- ^ Solomon & Bond 1992, p. 473