Betaarterivirus suid 2 | |
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Virus classification | |
(unranked): | Virus |
Realm: | Riboviria |
Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
Phylum: | Pisuviricota |
Class: | Pisoniviricetes |
Order: | Nidovirales |
Family: | Arteriviridae |
Genus: | Betaarterivirus |
Subgenus: | Ampobartevirus |
Species: | Betaarterivirus suid 2
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Synonyms | |
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Betaarterivirus suid 2 is a species of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses which infect domestic pigs.[1][2] Members of the species are also known as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2. Member viruses are a type of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSV). The two types of PRRSV are distinguished by which genomic cluster they are associated with. Type 1 is associated with a LV cluster. Type 2 is associated with a VR2332 cluster.[3]
PRRSV is in the Arteriviridae family and the order Nidovirales.[4] It has a positive sense RNA genome that is 15 kb long. This genome consists of ten open reading frames (ORFs) with a 5' untranslated region (UTR) and a 3' UTR.[3] PRRSV causes porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in swine. This syndrome results in failure during breeding and respiratory problems. Type 2 PRRSV was first seen in the United States in 1987. However, it has now spread worldwide to commercial swine facilities.[5]
Within the swine industry, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome causes interstitial pneumonia of grown swine and fetal death. Early gestation infection of a maternal swine can lead to embryonic infection. During mid-gestation, the fetuses are protected as the virus can not pass the placenta. However, in late state gestation transplacental infection to and from fetuses can occur and large scale reproductive failure may occur.[6]