Post-excavation analysis constitutes processes that are used to study archaeological materials after an excavation is completed. Since the advent of "New Archaeology" in the 1960s, the use of scientific techniques in archaeology has grown in importance.[2] This trend is directly reflected in the increasing application of the scientific method to post-excavation analysis.[3] The first step in post-excavation analysis should be to determine what one is trying to find out and what techniques can be used to provide answers.[4] Techniques chosen will ultimately depend on what type of artifact(s) one wishes to study. This article outlines processes for analyzing different artifact classes and describes popular techniques used to analyze each class of artifact. Keep in mind that archaeologists frequently alter or add techniques in the process of analysis as observations can alter original research questions.[5]
In most cases, basic steps crucial to analysis (such as cleaning and labeling artifacts) are performed in a general laboratory setting while more sophisticated techniques are performed by specialists in their own labs.[6] The sections of this article describe specialized techniques and section descriptions assume that artifacts have already been cleaned and cataloged.