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Pratyabhijñā or Pratyabhigyā[1] (Sanskrit: प्रत्यभिज्ञा, romanized: pratyabhijñā, lit. 're-cognition') is an idealistic, monistic, and theistic school of philosophy in Kashmir Shaivism which originated in the ninth century CE. The term Trika was used by Abhinavagupta to represent the whole of Kashmir Shaivism, or to designate the Pratyabhijñā system.[2]
The name of the system is derived from its most famous work, Īśvara-pratyabhijñā-kārikā by Utpaladeva.[3]: 254 Etymologically, pratyabhijñā is formed from prati- ("re-") + abhi- ("closely") + *jñā ("to know"), so the meaning is "direct knowledge of one's self," "recognition."[4]: 117
The central thesis of this philosophy is that everything is absolute consciousness, termed Śiva, and it is possible to "re-cognise" this fundamental reality and be freed from limitations, identified with Śiva and immersed in bliss.[5] Thus, the slave (paśu: the human condition) shakes off the fetters (pāśa) and becomes the master (pati: the divine condition).[3]: 254
- ^ Lalla, the prophetess (1924). The Word of Lalla the Prophetess, being the Sayings of Lal Ded or Lal Diddi of Kashmir. CUP Archive.
- ^ Carl Olson, The Many Colors of Hinduism, Rutgers University Press, 2007, page 237
- ^ a b S. Kapoor. The Philosophy of Saivism. Vol. 1.
- ^ Jaideva Singh (1982). Pratyabhijñāhrdayam. ISBN 8120803221.
- ^ The Yoga of Kashmir Shaivism – S.Shankarananda, p. 45