| Languages of Pre-Finno-Ugric substrate | |
|---|---|
| Region | Northern Europe |
| Extinct | 1st millennium AD |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
| Glottolog | None |
 Languages of northern Europe in the early Iron Age | |
Pre-Finno-Ugric substrate refers to substratum loanwords from unidentified non-Indo-European and non-Uralic languages that are found in various Finno-Ugric languages, most notably Sami. The presence of Pre-Finno-Ugric substrate in Sami languages was demonstrated by Ante Aikio.[1] Janne Saarikivi points out that similar substrate words are present in Finnic languages as well, but in much smaller numbers.[2]
The number of substrate words in Sámi likely exceeds one thousand words.[3]
Borrowing to Saami from Paleo-Laplandic probably still took place after the completion of the Great Saami Vowel Shift. Paleo-Laplandic likely became extinct about 1500 years ago.[3]
The Nganasan language also has many substrate words from unknown extinct languages in the Taimyr peninsula.[4]
- ^ Aikio, Ante (2004). "An Essay on Substrate Studies and the Origin of Saami". In Hyvärinen, Irma; Kallio, Petri; Korhonenk, Jarmo (eds.). Etymologie, Entlehnungen und Entwicklungen: Festschrift für Jorma Koivulehto zum 70. Geburtstag [Etymology, borrowings and developments: Festschrift for Jorma Koivulehto's 70th birthday]. Vol. 63. Mémoires de la Société Neophilologique de Helsinki. pp. 5–34 – via Academia.edu.
- ^ Saarikivi, Janne (2006). Substrata Uralica: Studies on Finno-Ugrian substrate in northern Russian dialects (PDF) (Ph.D. thesis). University of Helsinki. pp. 257–279. ISBN 9949-11-474-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 August 2017.
- ^ a b Luobbal, Sámmol Sámmol Ánte (2012). "An Essay on Saami Ethnolinguistic Prehistory" (PDF). Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne. 266. Helsinki, Finland: 63–117.
- ^ Janhunen, Juha; Gruzdeva, Ekaterina (2020). "Nganasan: A fresh focus on a little known Arctic language". Linguistic Typology. 24 (1): 181–186. doi:10.1515/lingty-2020-2036. hdl:10138/318080. ISSN 1613-415X. S2CID 216417093.