Prehistoric Ireland

Newgrange, Ireland's largest Neolithic passage tomb, c. 3200 BC. One of the Boyne valley tombs.

The prehistory of Ireland has been pieced together from archaeological evidence, which has grown at an increasing rate over the last decades. It begins with the first evidence of permanent human residence in Ireland around 10,500 BC[1] (although there is evidence of human presence as early as 31,000 BC[2]) and finishes with the start of the historical record around 400 AD. Both the beginning and end dates of the period are later than for much of Europe and all of the Near East. The prehistoric period covers the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age societies of Ireland. For much of Europe, the historical record begins when the Romans invaded; as Ireland was not invaded by the Romans its historical record starts later, with the coming of Christianity.

Bronze Age gold dress-fasteners and torc, amber necklace, Ulster Museum

The two periods that have left the most spectacular groups of remains are the Neolithic, with its megalithic tombs, and the Bronze Age, which left among other things, gold jewellery from a time when Ireland was a major centre of gold mining.

Ireland has many areas of bogland, and a great number of archaeological finds have been recovered from these. The anaerobic conditions sometimes preserve organic materials exceptionally well, as with a number of bog bodies, a Mesolithic wicker fish-trap,[3] and a Bronze Age textile with delicate tassels of horse hair.[4]

  1. ^ "New Discovery Pushes Back Date of Human Existence in Ireland by 2500 years", Irish Archaeology
  2. ^ Irish Examiner; "Reindeer bone rewrites Irish human history", Irish Archaeology
  3. ^ 100 objects, "Mesolithic fish trap"
  4. ^ Wallace and O'Floinn, 92, 3:4