| Yixin | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prince Gong of the First Rank | |||||||||
 Photograph of Prince Gong, shortly after the signing of the Convention of Peking, 1860 | |||||||||
| Prince Gong of the First Rank | |||||||||
| Tenure | 25 February 1850 – 29 May 1898 | ||||||||
| Successor | Puwei | ||||||||
| Chief Grand Councillor | |||||||||
| In office | 1853 – 1855 | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Qi Junzao | ||||||||
| Successor | Wenqing | ||||||||
| In office | 1861 – 1884 | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Muyin | ||||||||
| Successor | Shiduo | ||||||||
| In office | 1894 – 1898 | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Shiduo | ||||||||
| Successor | Shiduo | ||||||||
| Born | 11 January 1833 Beijing, China | ||||||||
| Died | 29 May 1898 (aged 65) Beijing, China | ||||||||
| Consorts |
Lady Gūwalgiya
(m. 1848; died 1880) | ||||||||
| Issue | Zaicheng Zaiying Princess Rongshou of the First Rank | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| House | Aisin Gioro | ||||||||
| Father | Daoguang Emperor | ||||||||
| Mother | Empress Xiaojingcheng | ||||||||
Yixin (11 January 1833 – 29 May 1898), better known in English as Prince Kung[1] or Gong, was an imperial prince of the Aisin Gioro clan and an important statesman of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty in China. He was a regent of the empire from 1861 to 1865 and wielded great influence at other times as well.
At a young age, Yixin was already noted for his brilliance and was once considered by his father the Daoguang Emperor as a potential heir. However, his older half-brother Yizhu eventually inherited the throne as the Xianfeng Emperor. During the Second Opium War in 1860, Prince Gong negotiated with the British, French and Russians, signing the Convention of Beijing on behalf of the Qing Empire. Following the death of the Xianfeng Emperor, Prince Gong launched the Xinyou Coup in 1861 with the aid of the Empress Dowagers Ci'an and Cixi and seized power from a group of eight regents appointed by the Xianfeng Emperor on his deathbed to assist his young son and successor, the Tongzhi Emperor. After the coup, he served as Prince-Regent from 1861 to 1865 and presided over the reforms implemented during the Tongzhi Restoration (1860–74). Despite his demotions in 1865 and 1874 for alleged corruption and disrespect towards the Emperor, Prince Gong continued to lead the Grand Council and remained a highly influential figure in the Qing government. The final decades of Prince Gong's career, under the reign of his nephew the Guangxu Emperor, were marred by his conflict with conservative elements in the Qing imperial court – In particular, his conflict with his former ally, Cixi, deepened his disillusionment with the court, and eventually opted to withdraw from politics and live in seclusion in the temple.
Having established in 1861 the Zongli Yamen, the Qing government's de facto foreign affairs ministry, Prince Gong is best remembered for advocating greater constructive engagement between the Qing Empire and the great powers of that era, as well as for his attempts to modernise China in the late 19th century.[2] His former residence, "Prince Gong's Mansion", is now one of Beijing's few AAAAA-rated tourist attractions.
- ^ Official site, Beijing: Prince Kung's Palace Museum, 2014, archived from the original on 2018-08-29, retrieved 2017-11-08.
- ^ Fang, Chao-ying (1943). . In Hummel, Arthur W. Sr. (ed.). Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period. United States Government Printing Office. pp. 380–384.