Priscilla Sheath Kincaid-Smith, Mrs. Fairley, AC, CBE (30 November 1926 – 18 July 2015), was an Australia-based South African physician and researcher, specializing in nephrology. She was a President of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians (1986-1988; first woman Councillor in 1976), World Medical Association and International Society of Nephrology (1972–75).